No abstract

Threo‐ anderythro‐9,10‐dihydroxystearic acids were reacted with 2, 4, 6 and 8 moles of ethylene oxide. The oxyethylated polyols from thethreo acid, adjusted to equivalent weight 100 with triisopropanolamine, were converted to satisfactory rigid foams by mixing with corresponding amts of isocyanate‐terminated oxypropylated sorbitol prepolymers of three viscosities. Typical foam properties had maxima for the tetra‐ or hexaoxyethylene polyol, and most properties paralleled prepolymer viscosity.

Polyols made by reacting trimethylolpropane with epoxidized tallow were converted to urethane foams by reaction with a polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate in the presence of fluorotrichioromethane. Adjusted with triisopropanolamine or an oxypropylated triamine to hydroxyl equivalent of either 100 or 120, the polyols yielded rigid foams of density 1.5-2.0 lb/ft 3, open cell content 15-19%, and compressive strength 34-49 psi. These values were superior to those of similar foams from hydrated epoxidized tallow. Polyols made from epoxidized tallow-trimethylolpropane-HBr and adjusted to equivalent wt of 100 and 120 by triisopropanolamine gave foams whose small-scale flammability test samples burned less than 20% of their length. At hydroxyl equivalent 100, foams had density 1.6-1.8, open cell content 20-21%, and compressive strength 34-39 psi; in flammability tests burned <20% of length. The present foams were stronger than those made earlier from solvent-purified hydroxybrominated tallow. Formulation with half the normal amount of freon gave foams of higher compressive strength but lower flame resistance.

A series of urethane foams has been prepared using hypohalogenated derivatives of triolein, monoolein, lard and tallow as the polyol ingredient.Two-step hypohalogenation was achieved by epoxidation of the glyceride, followed by treatment with HX. One step hypohalogenation was effected by direct addition of hypochlorous acid (from calcium hypochlorite) or hypobromous acid (from N-bromoacetamide). The polyols, which varied from viscous liquids to semi-solids, were adjusted in equivalent weight with triisopropanolamine. Urethane foams were prepared from the adjusted polyols using polymeric polyisocyanate as the isocyanate, triethylene diamine catalyst and Freon 11 as blowing agent. Additional foams were made with 2% antimony oxide as an added fire rctardant. Rigid foams were obtained from each glyceride polyol. Fire retardant properties were measured using a modification of ASTM Method DI692-59T. In each case, the foams exhibited greater flammability resistance than those obtained from po]yols containing no halogen atoms. It was noted that the presence of antimony oxide was necessary in order to attain nonburning foams but was accompanied by a lowering of compressive strength.

Liquid polyols have been prepared from epoxidized glyceryl trioleate, glyceryl monooleate, lard oil, neatsfoot oil, and soybean oil by hydration with 24% fluoboric acid. Upon adjustment of the equivalent weight to 100 with triisopropanolamine, the polyols were foamed by reaction with a prepolymer made from oxypropylated sorbitol and tolylene diisocyanate. The resulting rigid foams had densities between 1.66 and 2.34 lbs/ft 3 and compressive strengths ranging from 23 to 39 psi (10% compression).The same polyols were used in one-step systems with PAPI as the isoeyanate. In general, foam properties were comparable with those obtained from the prepolymer systems.