Ectopic ureter (EU) is a rare urinary tract malformation often found in patients with a duplex kidney. Abnormal location of the ureteral orifice in a non-duplex kidney is observed in 20–25% cases of all ectopias. The paraurethral EU is described in very few publications. An 8-year-old female patient complained of periodic abdominal pain, inflammatory changes in the urinary sediment, and periodic urinary incontinence. The child had not been examined earlier. Ultrasonography findings: left kidney size 41 × 20mm; the ureter was dilated along its entire length and has bends; the diameters of its upper and thirds were 16 mm and up to 23 mm, respectively. Cystography showed no evidence of vesicoureteral reflux. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings: the orifice of the left ureter was not visualized; there was a significant decrease in the function of the left kidney and dilation of the left ureter. Findings of cystoscopy under anesthesia: the orifice of the left ureter was in the bladder; the bladder neck was not visualized. During the examination of the area between the urethra and the vagina, we found the orifice of the left ureter located to the left of the midline. The patient underwent laparoscopic left-sided nephroureterectomy. Six months postoperatively, the patient had no urinary incontinence and no urinary syndrome. Static renal scintigraphy showed that the index of integral uptake on the right was 108; the total volume of the functioning parenchyma was not reduced. Key words: ectopic ureter, nephroureterectomy, children.
Cross-dystopia is a rare type of congenital anomaly, characterized by a displacement of the kidney to the opposite side, as a result of which both of them are located on the same side and in about 85% of such cases, a fusion of the parenchyma of two kidneys can be observed. We have not found descriptions of cases from practice when an orthotopic cystic dysplastic kidney with a lack of function associated with the pathology of the ureterovesical segment (ureterocele) was fused with the lower pole of a cross-dystopian normally formed kidney in literature.The patient, 8 d.o., a preliminary diagnosis - agenesis of the right kidney, doubling of the left kidney, cystic dysplasia, doubled left kidney whiyh ureterohydronephrosis lower half and ureterocele. In order to restore the outflow of urine and function of the lower half of the presumably doubled left kidney, a cystourethroscopy was performed. In a typical place on the right there is a correctly formed ureteral orifice, ureterocele on the left, which occupies half volume of bladder. With a holmium laser, an artificial orifice was formed in the ureterocele in order to restore the urine passage. At 9 m.o., tomography urinary tract was performed - cross-dystopia of the right kidney with fusion of the lower pole with a cystic dysplastic orthotopic left kidney.Laparoscopic nephrureterectomy of a non-functioning orthotopic kidney was performed.The control examination indicate complete clinical remission and social adaptation of the patient after discharge. Cross-dystopia of the kidney with fusion with cystic dysplastic kidney and a formed ureterocele is a rare congenital anomaly that requires timely examination in a specialized clinic and drawing up an individual treatment plan. The surgical manual should be focused on a symptomatic urological problem with an emphasis on preserving kidney function.
первый московский государственный медицинский университет им. и.м. сеченова минздрава россии (сеченовский университет) 1 , московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. а.и. евдокимова минздрава россии 2 , г. москва, российская Федерация Цель. улучшить результаты феминизирующей пластики наружных половых органов у детей с нарушением формирования пола.Материал и методы. проведен анализ лечения 114 пациентов в период с 1998 по 2017 год. у основной части выполнялась двухэтапная коррекция гениталий (108 (94%) пациентов). у 79 (69%) детей проведена феминизирующая пластика по а.б. окулову, у 35 (31%) выполнена феминизирующая пластика с сохранением дорзального сосудисто-нервного пучка. в группе с сохранением дорзального пучка у 29 (25%) выполнено удаление избыточных тканей головки клитора по латеральным поверхностям и у 6 (5%) -по вентральной поверхности. контрольный осмотр пациентов после пластики проводился на 10, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360-й день, c оценкой внешнего вида гениталий на соответствие феминному типу и определением времени реперфузии головки клитора. у 18 пациентов (15%) производилось морфологическое исследование резецированных участков головки. проведены морфологические исследования 25 образцов полнослойных участков головки клитора: 14 латеральных фрагментов головки, 6 вентральных, 5 дорзальных фрагментов.Результаты. оценка косметических результатов в ранние и отдаленные сроки после операции не показала существенных отличий в зависимости от способа клиторопластики. время реперфузии в группе, где проведена пластика по методике профессора а.б. окулова, оказалось выше по сравнению с группами с сохранением дорзального сосудисто-нервного пучка (3,8 сек (3; 4,4)/ 2,5 сек (1,9; 3,1), р=0,003). при микроскопии выявлено, что головка клитора богата нервными стволами и осязательными телами, которые располагаются преимущественно на вентральном и дорзальном участках головки клитора. иннервация кожи латеральных участков головки клитора осуществляется за счет мелких нервных окончаний без чувствительных тел.Заключение. при проведении клиторопластики предпочтение следует отдавать методикам с сохранением дорзального сосудисто-нервного пучка. при резекции головки следует сохранять вентральную и дорзальную поверхности органа.Ключевые слова: клиторопластика, резекция головки клитора, феминизирующая пластика, вирилизация, нарушение формирования пола Objective. тo improve the results of feminizing plastics of the external genital organs in children with disorders of sex development.Methods. 114 patients were operated on from the period of 1998 to 2017. The two-stage correction of the genitals was performed in the majority -108 patients (94%). 79 (69%) children underwent feminizing plastic surgery according to A.b. Okulov, the feminizing plastic with preservation of the dorsal vascular-neural bundle was done in 35 (31%) patients. Among the patients of this group, in 29 (25%) the removal of excess tissues of the clitoral glans along the lateral surfaces and in 6 (5%) along the ventral surface was performed. control...
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