2017)R educing the dietary om ega-6 to om ega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio attenuated inflamm atory indices and sustained epithelial tight junction integrity in w eaner pigs housed in a poor sanitation condition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 234 . pp. 312-320. Reducing the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio attenuated inflammatory indices and sustained epithelial tight junction integrity in weaner pigs housed in a poor sanitation condition.Animal Feed Science and Technology http://dx.(J. M. Heo) †These authors have contributed equally to this work Highlights  A total of 108 male pigs [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace); initial BW 7.1 ± 0.5 kg] weaned at 21 days of age were randomly allocated to one of 3 dietary treatments and 2 environmental conditions (sanitary vs. unsanitary) (6 replicate pens per treatment, 3 pigs per pen)  One pig per pen (n = 6) was euthanized on d 0, d 7 and d 14, to collect blood and small intestinal tissue samples  Housing pigs in an unsanitary environment after weaning increased inflammatory responses and reduced growth performance, but reducing the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio to 4:1 attenuated the inflammatory responses induced by the unsanitary environment. ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of reducing dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on the performance, inflammatory response and gut morphology of PWD challenged with sanitary and poor sanitary conditions in weaned pigs, and to test the hypotheses that (1) exposure to an poor sanitary environment will increase indices for Abbreviations: ADFI, average daily feed intake; ADG, average daily gain; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BW, body weight; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CP, crude protein; D, dietary treatments; DE, digestible energy; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DM, dry matter; E, environmental condition (sanitary vs poor sanitary); ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FCR, feed conversion ratio; GE, gross energy; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; LTB4, leukotriene B4; N, nitrogen; n-6:n-3, omega-6 to omega-3; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; PWD, post-weaning diarrhoea; SEM, standard error of mean; SID, standardised ileal digestible; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; V:C, villous height: crypt depth.

1. A dose-response experiment was conducted with male Korean native ducklings (KND) to evaluate the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirement from hatch to 21 d of age. 2. A completely randomised design with 7 dietary TSAA concentrations (0.62%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.71%, 0.74%, 0.77% and 0.80%) were used with 6 replications per treatment. 3. Body weight (BW) and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). One duckling per pen (n = 6) was killed by cervical dislocation to weigh empty body and drumsticks at the conclusion of experiment. 4. BW was improved significantly with increasing TSAA content, in a non-linear manner. A significant decrease of FCR was shown with increasing TSAA contents. TSAA requirement was determined by taking a mean value after fitting the data to both a linear-plateau and a quadratic-plateau model. Estimated TSAA requirements were 0.70%, 0.70%, 0.66% and 0.70% for the maximum BW, ADG and ADFI and for the minimum FCR, respectively. Increasing TSAA content improved quantity of full body weight (FBW), empty body weight (EBW) and drumstick weight (DSW), but there was no effect on proportion of DSW in relation to EBW and proportion of EBW to FBW. 5. In conclusion, the growth of male KND during 1 to 21 d of age was improved with increasing TSAA content, suggesting optimal TSAA requirements estimated by two analysis models.

Bluetooth ferrite antenna was fabricated on Co 2 Z-glass composite substrate and characterized in an anechoic chamber for radiation pattern and antenna gain. The developed Co 2 Z-glass composite showed 1.97 of l 0 and 7.43 of e 0 at 2.45 GHz. The magnetic and dielectric losses were less than 0.01 in the range of 1 to 3 GHz. The fabricated antenna having volume of 36 mm 3 (3 Â 8 Â 1.5 mm 3 ) showed wide BW (390 MHz at VSWR < 2). The antenna gain was measured in the frequency range of 2.2 to 2.6 GHz. The measured 3D peak-and average-gains at 2.45 GHz were 2.45 and À1.89 dBi, respectively. In addition, the maximum 3D peak gain and RE were 3.32 dBi at 2.35 GHz and 77.7% at 2.3 GHz, respectively. These results imply that the Co 2 Z-glass composite is an underpinning magneto-dielectric material for GHz antenna application. ABSTRACT: Fiber core size determination from power transmission modulation for different fibers is reported. Three different fibers are tested and power variations of lateral displacement of the second fiber are obtained (lamp, red LED). From the averaged bandwidths of the response curves the core diameter of each fiber is determined.

We have developed a tomography algorithm and applied it to a plasmaspheric total electron content data set from Jason‐1 satellite (~1,336 km), which has a Global Positioning System receiver onboard. To invert the measured plasmaspheric total electron content into vertical distribution of electron density, we adopted a multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique with an assumed initial density distribution. The reconstruction of the plasmaspheric density distribution was performed on Indian (70°E − 90°E), Pacific (200°E − 220°E), and Atlantic (320°E − 340°E) longitudinal planes during the periods of high solar activity (F10.7 > 100) and low geomagnetic activity (Ap < 12) from 2002 to 2005. The reconstructed density distribution displays general climatological characteristics of the plasmasphere. For all three longitudinal sectors, the reconstructed density distributions show weak diurnal variations being greater during daytime (09–15 LT) than nighttime (21–03 LT). In Atlantic sector, the reconstructed plasmaspheric density exhibits an annual anomaly (higher density in December than in June), which was not apparent in other longitude sectors. By fitting the reconstructed density profiles, we derived empirical functions of equatorial plasmaspheric density profiles for 4 months (March, June, September, and December) in the three longitude sectors. The parameters associated with these functions were found to exhibit diurnal variation and annual anomaly characteristics.

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