Background: The problem of treating anaerobic infections in surgery continues to be relevant. Aim: To develop a protocol for empirical antibiotic therapy of anaerobic infection in patients with surgical skin and soft tissue infections. Material and methods: A total of 191 patients were examined. Identification and assessment of pathogens sensitivity was performed on the АТВ Expression analyzer. In addition, we used the ID-ANA and AB-AN test systems, developed by us. Results: In the structure of anaerobes, bacteroids, peptococci and peptostreptococci continue to occupy the leading positions. No changes in the resistance of anaerobes to most antibiotics were found. There is an increase in the resistance of peptococci and peptostreptococci to clindamycin. Metronidazole, imipenem, meropenem retain high activity. Conclusions: If anaerobic infection is suspected, it is recommended to prescribe metronidazole, and imipenem and meropenem as reserve drugs.