Perinatal maternal high-fat diet (HFD) increases susceptibility to obesity and fatty liver diseases in adult offspring, which can be attenuated by the potent hypolipidaemic action of fish oil (FO), an n-3 PUFA source, during adult life. Previously, we described that adolescent HFD offspring showed resistance to FO hypolipidaemic effects, although FO promoted hepatic molecular changes suggestive of reduced lipid accumulation. Here, we investigated whether this FO intervention only during the adolescence period could affect offspring metabolism in adulthood. Then, female Wistar rats received isoenergetic, standard (STD: 9 % fat) or high-fat (HFD: 28·6 % fat) diet before mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring received the standard diet; and from 25 to 45 d old they received oral administration of soyabean oil or FO. At 150 d old, serum and hepatic metabolic parameters were evaluated. Maternal HFD adult offspring showed increased body weight, visceral adiposity, hyperleptinaemia and decreased hepatic pSTAT3/STAT3 ratio, suggestive of hepatic leptin resistance. FO intake only during the adolescence period reduced visceral adiposity and serum leptin, regardless of maternal diet. Maternal HFD promoted dyslipidaemia and hepatic TAG accumulation, which was correlated with reduced hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1a content, suggesting lipid oxidation impairment. FO intake did not change serum lipids; however, it restored hepatic TAG content and hepatic markers of lipid oxidation to STD offspring levels. Therefore, we concluded that FO intake exclusively during adolescence programmed STD offspring and reprogrammed HFD offspring male rats to a healthier metabolic phenotype in adult life, reducing visceral adiposity, serum leptin and hepatic TAG content in offspring adulthood.

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ABSTRACT:The knowledge about of land use and current status of vegetation represent important steps in understanding the spatial dynamics in areas with increased removal of vegetation and human disturbance. This feature is very common in its Brazil considering the biophysical diversity observed. In this sense, interest in patterns and processes that lead to environmental changes has been receiving great support from geoprocessing and remote sensing for monitoring, environmental and planning of natural resources. Following this trend, the study uses products from hyperspectral geotechnology to identify new methods of analysis of the landscape, in areas with vegetation remnants of Atlantic Forest in the State of the Rio de Janeiro.

ABSTRACT:Rio de Janeiro presents itself as a land of contrasts, with the second largest metropolitan area in Brazil and a total area of 43,778 km 2 . Its landscape consists of remnants of the Atlantic Forest and environments with different levels of anthropic impacts. The complexity of its territory combines natural and anthropic covers related to each other at different intensity levels, being a challenge in defining mapping techniques of land use and land cover with greater spatial and temporal detail. Supported by the Secretary of State for Environment, this initiative accepted the challenge of developing a methodology for mapping about 45% of the state in 1:25,000. This mapping aims to support decision making regarding the land use planning and the monitoring of deforestation actions. Using GEOBIA techniques and images of different resolutions, we structured a methodology for the classification of four macro-classes very different spectrally (Natural Forested Areas, Natural Non-Forested Areas, Anthropic Agropastoral Areas, Anthropic Non-Agropastoral Areas), identifying objects on the ground from 0.5ha, to meet demands from the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR, in portuguese) and the forest monitoring. The mapping was divided into Working Groups (WG) that customized solutions through Process Trees in eCognition environment. This choice is based on the need to minimize inconsistencies in the interpretive process, improving the level of specialization in short time. Thus, each WG is responsible for the classification of a set of functionally related classes. The integration process of the classes in a single mapping was also supported by GEOBIA. It is believed that the presentation of this strategic view may contribute to challenges of similar mapping, allowing the achievement of cartographic goals in short term.