Edible fruits of four indigenous plants (Uapaca kirkiana, Strychnos cocculoides, Syzygium guineense and Ximenia caffra) from miombo woodlands of Ruvuma Region in Tanzania were evaluated for nutritional composition and antioxidant properties. Fruits from the four plants were collected for extraction of the edible portion that was subsequently subjected to laboratory analysis using standard procedures. Soluble carbohydrates dominated among macronutrients evaluated (16.326 to 56.001%) and potassium was the most abundant mineral nutrient among those studied with the concentration ranging from 429.4 to 671.73 mg/100 g. The total phenolic contents, flavonoids and vitamin C in X. caffra were 1915.88 mg GAE/100 g, 178.46 mg RE /100 g and 359.90 mg/100 g respectively which are significantly higher than those in other species studied. Similarly, X. caffra showed significantly higher free radical scavenging activity with lower EC 50 (effective concentration for free radical reduction by 50%) achieved at 0.08 µg/ml than other fruit species studied. A strong positive correlation was observed between free radical scavenging activities with vitamin C (r = 0.973), total phenolics (r = 0.866) and flavonoids (r = 0.858). These observations imply that indigenous fruits studied could be used as valuable sources of nutrients and vital natural antioxidant to human diets.

As the sector of commercialization is expanding, within Tanzania and globally, finding wider markets has become a great challenge. The authors opine that businesses will be enhanced by using local languages. The study maintains that language links with the culture that has a great influence on global marketing such as product design, branding, and distribution process. The study collected data through surveys, interviews, and observation in three regions, namely Iringa, Dodoma, and Dar es Salaam. The results were later analyzed qualitatively using descriptions and tables. Results revealed that out of 60 respondents that took part, 23% of the customers are from the western countries, 20% are from East Africa, 16% from other African countries, and 51% are within Tanzania. The majority, 80%, stated that even though they market their products outside Tanzania, the only languages used are English and Kiswahili. It is anticipated that companies that use indigenous languages will bring their customers individualistically or collectively much closer, widening the products' markets in Tanzania.