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A study demonstrating the application of information measures to visually presented stimuli, dots varying in number, for .03 sec. camera projection time. The matrix on S's sheet was 3 x 3 to 20 x 20 in separate tests. One to four dots were used. Results indicate that S's transmitted 4.4 bits per exposure for a single dot to 6.6 bits for 4 dots. The presence or absence of internal grid lines on S's answer sheet or on the projected square had no effect.

Many recent studies of keyboard entry are summarized with particular emphasis on performance data and fundamental questions about the design of keyboards. The role of auditory and visual feedback and physiological measurements are reviewed. Typical speed and error rates are given for several types of situations and operators. Other methods of data entry are considered, as are source documents, ordering of keys, keyboard interlocks, and chord keyboards. These data should be of interest to anyone concerned with the design and use of keyboards or other data entry devices.

Productivity and error rates were measured for a billion responses by more than a thousand operators of IBM card punches and bank proof machines in 20 different installations. Productivity increases and errors decrease during the 1st year on the job, sometimes longer. Experienced card punch operators average 56,000 to 83,000 keystrokes per day with 1600 to 4300 strokes per undetected error. Experienced bank proof machine operators average 4350 to 6600 checks per day with about 3500 checks per undetected error. The fastest operators at any installation produce twice as much as the slowest. The least accurate operators make 10 times as many errors as the most accurate. Fast operators tend to make fewer errors (r = -.5).