The effect of different compositions of growth media on the development of microplants of the Antonina potato variety

The paper examined the impact of different lighting sources on the growth and development of the Antonina and Solnechnyi potato varieties, grown in vitro. The object of the experiment was pathogen free parent micro clones of potatoes, derived from apical meristem by cultivation in the standard Murashige and Skoog medium with modifications. The following sources of light were used: OSRAM luminescent lamps, with the predominant red and blue, power 36 W; OSRAM luminescent lamps, cold daylight, power 36 W; TELEFUNKEN linear light-emitting-diode (LED)lamps - 4200 K, white light, power 18W; linear LED lamps TELEFUNKEN - 2700 K, warm white light, power 18 W; LED lamps red-blue, diodes ratio 3:1, power 32 W and LED lamps full-spectrum, power 32 W. The effect of these lighting sources on the length of plants, time of root emergence, number of leaves / internodes, mass of the plants and leaves, shoots and roots, and the surface area of the leaf plate was studied. The operating costs for the studied lighting sources was calculated. It was discovered that for the cultivation of the test tube plants varieties Antonina and Solnechnyi with the aim to obtain the maximum number of new test plants, LED lamps 2700 K are the most suitable ones. For the cultivation of test plants of the chosen varieties to prepare them for further transplantation on aero-hydroponic system for producing mini tubers, full-spectrum LED lamps are recommended.

The results of studying the effect of nutrient media of various compositions on the growth of improved micro-plants of potatoes of the Solnechny variety grown under laboratory conditions in vitro are presented. Six compositions of the nutrient medium were studied: standard Murashige-Skuga medium modified for micropropagation (considered as a control), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of mineral components (up to 1/2 and up to 1/3), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with an increased content of agar-agar (10 g/l), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of agar-agar (4 g/l), Murashige-Skuga medium modified with the addition of 3 mg/L giberrellinic acid and 1 mg/L indoliacetic acid. The following parameters of cultivated plants were taken into account: plant length, root presence, number of internodes, total plant mass, leaf mass, root mass, leaf plate surface area. The use of modified nutrient media with a reduced content of mineral components led to an increase in plant length (by 28-30%), stem mass (by 25%) due to leaf mass (by 18%) and stem mass (by 31%) and the total surface area of leaf plates (by 12%). In the variant using a medium with 1/3 mineral components an increase in the mass of the root system was observed (by 20%). When growing plants on a modified nutrient medium with a high content of agar-agar, a decrease in the length of plants (by 6%), a decrease in the mass of the scion (by 12%) due to a decrease in the mass of the stem (by 15%) was observed. Plants grown on a modified nutrient medium with a reduced content of agar-agar were distinguished by a larger mass of the root system (by 10%), scion (by 17%) (due to an increase in leaf mass (by 27%), as well as the total surface area of leaf plates (by 22%). When growth regulators (giberrellin and indoliacetic acid) were added to the modified nutrient medium, a significant increase in plant height (by 70%), a decrease in the mass of the root system (by 50%) and leaves (by 46%), and an increase in the mass of the stem (by 23%) were observed. The total leaf surface area was 28% lower than the control values. For accelerated micropropagation of improved potato plants of the Solnechny variety and preparation of plants for transplanting to aerohydroponic systems in order to produce mini-tubers, the following modified nutrient media are optimal options: with a reduced number of mineral components (1/2 and 1/3) and with a reduced content of agar-agar.

The influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the growth of potato plants during in vitro cultivation and the possibility of using biological fertilizer from peat in different concentrations to improve the adaptation of plants to growing in ground for the development of a method for obtaining healthy mini-tubers of potatoes of the Yubilyar variety were studied. The influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the height, biomass, intensity of rhizogenesis, the number of internodes of improved potato micro-plants, as well as humic fertilizer from Humostim peat on the survival rate and height of potato plants when adapting it to ground conditions is analyzed. Taking into account the data obtained, as well as the cost of the studied variants of the medium, the optimal medium for growing potato micro-plants in laboratory conditions in vitro is a nutrient medium with a content of mineral components 1/3 from the norm. The use of humic preparation from peat Humostim in a concentration of 0.001% caused an acceleration of plant growth and an increase in their height, and this concentration is recommended for use.

The effect of nutrient media of different composition on the growth and development of healthy potato microplants of the Charoit variety under in vitro conditions was studied. Three variants of nutrient medium compositions were considered: nutrient medium according to Murashige-Skoog prescription, Murashige-Skoog medium with a reduced content of mineral components to 1/2 and to 1/3. The following microplant parameters were studied: height, rhizogenesis, number of leaves and internodes, total plant weight, leaf weight, root weight, stem weight, shoot weight. On a nutrient medium with 1/2 mineral components, the height of potato microgrowers on the 28th day of cultivation increased by 12%, the shoot weight - by 17% by increasing the weight of leaves by 33% and the weight of the root system twofold, the total plant biomass - by 28%. When using a nutrient medium with 1/3 of mineral components for cultivation of healthy potato varieties Charoit microplants on the 28th day of cultivation, a decrease in the shoot weight by 17% was observed due to a decrease in the stem weight (25%), and the weight of the root system increased by 140%. In these variants of nutrient medium, rhizogenesis began earlier and proceeded more actively than in the control. A medium with 1/2 content of mineral components of the norm was determined to be optimal for growing microplants in vitro. When aerohydroponic plants were grown with different plant densities (21, 27, and 55 plants/m ), a 27% increase in the plant height of the plants grown on plant sections with a planting density of 55 plants/m2 was observed. The plants with a planting density of 21 plants/m2 differed from the other variants by an increased number of stems. In the minituber yield, the proportion of fractions suitable for further seed production was more than 50% when using all planting densities studied on aerohydroponic plants. The maximum number of minitubers was recorded when growing plants with a planting density of 55 plants/m2, and this option is recommended for use in the cultivation of minitubers of the potato variety Charoit by aerohydroponic method.