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The article presents the results for obtaining the conditioned target product from metallurgical waste, such as vanadium-containing converter slag, steelmaking slag and magnesium-containing fused periclase, by increasing their particle surface reactivity through mechanical activation at the grinding stage. The paper presents the characteristics of the feed and grinding products and the process flows for the processing of respective technogenic raw materials. The dispersion and reactivity of the finely dispersed product, established by the change in the material wetting heat, and the role of mechanical activation for the subsequent processing and improvement of the resulting product grade are evaluated. Mechanical activation of magnesium oxide powder at the last processing stage for low-grade fused periclase promotes an increase in the energy of surface-active centers of the ground material and an improvement in its electrical insulating properties (as compared with ball grinding). Mechanochemical activation of vanadium slag promotes the formation of homogeneous, well-permeable granules, intensification of redox processes during leaching and obtaining the target product (V2O5 paste) with the mass fraction of vanadium pentoxide of 84–86 %. An increase in the reactivity of the dump steelmaking slag during mechanochemical activation allows obtaining high-activity composite cements with the slag content of up to 20 wt.%.