In the Caparaó microregion (Espírito Santo, Brazil), cases of poisoning of dairy cattle by plants have been frequent, but there are no records to estimate the losses. This chapter presents the results of a study aiming to estimate the occurrence of different plant species causing poisonings in the region. Fifty-one dairy cattle farms were visited from March 2007 to April 2008. The results showed that the farmers of the Caparaó microregion do not know the toxicity of the plants found in the region. Nevertheless, 10 of the 14 species of plants identified on the dairy farms have been reported as toxic. The plant responsible for the highest incidence of poisoning in the region was Pteridium arachnoideum. Great damage to animal health and economic losses to farmers are caused by this plant.
This study evaluates hematological, biochemical, and urinary changes of dairy cattle with clinical signs of enzootic bovine hematuria (EBH) in the microregion of Caparaó in the southern region of Espírito Santo, Brazil. From August 2008 to January 2009, 18 crossbred Dutch dairy cows of various ages were selected as they showed clinical signs of EBH, especially dark urine. All properties that were included in this study had a heavy infestation of Pteridium arachnoideum and a history of consumption of this plant by cattle. For each animal body score, heart and respiratory rates, capillary reperfusion times, mucous membrane coloration, and body temperature were recorded. Hematological findings for EBH are anemia, hypoproteinemia, and leukocytosis. There was hyperphosphataemia and variable serum levels of calcium and urea. For the urinalysis, macro and microhematuria, proteinuria, and hyposthenuria were observed.
RESUMO A hematúria enzoótica bovina é uma doença crônica que causa neoplasias na bexiga, e o exame citopatológico poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce. Objetivou-se padronizar a técnica de colheita, obtenção de amostras e avaliação citopatológica do lavado vesical de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica bovina. Foram utilizadas 10 vacas, adultas, distribuídas em dois grupos. No grupo A foi recuperado todo o líquido vesical infundido, no grupo B foi recuperado apenas o último lavado. Os lavados foram submetidos à avaliação citopatológica. Apesar do volume final de líquido vesical ter sido maior no grupo A, em relação ao número de células, não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre os grupos. A quantidade de células inflamatórias e células epiteliais obtidas por amostra revelou que nos dois grupos todos os animais apresentavam mais células inflamatórias do que epiteliais, entretanto, não houve diferença entre o tipo de colheita realizada. As células epiteliais foram encontradas em 60% dos casos e as alterações morfológicas observadas foram discretas, não sendo possível classificar nenhuma amostra como hiperplásica ou neoplásica. Os dados deste estudo permitiram concluir que o exame citopatológico do lavado vesical de bovinos pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da hematúria enzoótica bovina e que os dois métodos de colheita empregados mostraram-se adequados para obtenção de amostras viáveis. A avaliação citopatológica permitiu a identificação de lesões não neoplásicas predominantemente inflamatórias. Acredita-se que a utilização de técnicas moleculares com biomarcadores em amostras citológicas seria importante para detectar precocemente lesões pré-neoplásicas ou neoplásicas nesses animais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Salinidade, solutos orgânicos, Zea mays L. PROLINA CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CROP SUBMITTED TO SALT STRESS AND NITROGENA FERTILIZATION IN TWO SOILSABSTRACT: Nitrogen fertilization can reduce salinity damage on crops, because the increase of organic nitrogen compounds, such as proline, contribute to the cellular osmotic adjustment.However, the availability of N in the soil also depends on the textural properties. Thus, the objective was to verify the effect of salinity of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization on the accumulation of proline in maize grown in two soils. R. dos S. Braz et al.and levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5, 2, 4 and 6 dS m -1 ), with four replicates. 67 days after sowing the first three fully expanded leaves were selected to determine the proline concentration. The higher N dose provided greater proline accumulation in the Ultisol, but not in the Neosol. The increase in the salinity of the irrigation water causes an increase in the proline content in the maize leaves, regardless of the soil type and the dose of N.
RESUMO:Objetivou-se identificar os graus de tolerância à salinidade de quatro espécies de plantas ornamentais, utilizando-se duas metodologias distintas. O trabalho foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, pertencente ao Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, da Universidade Federal do Ceará. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 10x4, com dez níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (S1-0,5; S2-1,0; S3-2,0; S4-3,0; S5-4,0; S6-5,0; S7-6,0; S8-8,0; S9-10,0; S10-12,0 dS m
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