Ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle aspiration is used to recover cumulus-oocyte complexes (for IVF) and to synchronize follicular wave emergence (ablation of dominant follicle). Although aspirated follicles are generally supposed to undergo immediate atresia, there are indications that they may remain active. The objective was to evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of residual follicles (RF) after transvaginal follicle aspiration in cattle. Ovarian follicular wave emergence was synchronized in Holstein cows (N = 13) in the presence (groups 1 and 3) or absence (groups 2 and 4) of norgestomet implants. The largest follicle was aspirated at a diameter of 8 mm (groups 1 and 2) or 12 mm (groups 3 and 4). Ovarian follicles were visualized (transrectal ultrasonography) every 12 h after wave emergence. Follicular fluid samples were collected from the largest follicle and from the ensuing RF and concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were determined. After aspiration, 73.2% (52/71) of the follicles refilled with fluid, and a new antrum was detected 12 to 24 h later. Norgestomet did not affect (P > 0.05) RF occurrence or diameter, but in RF from group 4, concentrations of estradiol decreased (-530.7 ± 133.9 ng/mL; P < 0.01) whereas progesterone increased (+429.6 ± 171.7 ng/mL; P < 0.05) relative to preaspiration. In RF, there were three steroidogenesis patterns: (1) high estradiol concentration and high estradiol:progesterone ratio (estradiol-active RF); (2) low estradiol, but high progesterone concentrations (luteinized RF); and (3) low estradiol and low progesterone concentrations (inactive RF). Estradiol-active RF were more likely (P < 0.05) from follicles with high estradiol concentrations (regardless of diameter). In conclusion, fluid-filled structures (RF) with variable steroid production patterns are frequently formed after ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration. The occurrence and features of these RF depended on the diameter and status of these follicles before aspiration.
Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparaó microregion, southern Espírito Santo State.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal realizar o levantamento das principais afecções podais que acometem os bovinos na região do sul capixaba do estado do Espírito Santo. Foram avaliadas propriedades leiteiras contemplando diferentes sistemas de produção, classificados nas categorias extensivo, semiconfinamento e confinamento. De 1225 vacas leiteiras examinadas, 25 apresentaram pelo menos um tipo de lesão podal, identificando-se um total de 64 lesões. A prevalência das afecções podais foi de 2,04%. Das afecções de casco, 82,10% ocorreram nos membros posteriores e 17,90% nos membros anteriores. As afecções de maior frequência encontradas no presente estudo foram erosão de talão (18,75%), dermatite interdigital (14,07%), pododermatite séptica e dermatite digital (10,94% cada), e úlcera de sola (9,37%). O conhecimento da prevalência das afecções podais na região sul do Espírito Santo nos permite identificar possíveis falhas de manejo existentes e estabelecer medidas profiláticas de maneira mais eficiente.
In the Caparaó microregion (Espírito Santo, Brazil), cases of poisoning of dairy cattle by plants have been frequent, but there are no records to estimate the losses. This chapter presents the results of a study aiming to estimate the occurrence of different plant species causing poisonings in the region. Fifty-one dairy cattle farms were visited from March 2007 to April 2008. The results showed that the farmers of the Caparaó microregion do not know the toxicity of the plants found in the region. Nevertheless, 10 of the 14 species of plants identified on the dairy farms have been reported as toxic. The plant responsible for the highest incidence of poisoning in the region was Pteridium arachnoideum. Great damage to animal health and economic losses to farmers are caused by this plant.
A dor e o desconforto causados pelas lesões podais representam uma das principais causas de claudicação para os bovinos. As perdas econômicas advindas desse problema podem atingir cifras expressivas, principalmente na pecuária leiteira. As afecções podais podem ser originadas de fatores nutricionais, genéticos e ambientais, além das diferenças de distribuição de peso entre os dígitos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o crescimento dos cascos de 25 animais mestiços leiteiros criados sob regime semi-intensivo. Para isso, foram feitas marcas na muralha do casco com a ajuda de uma furadeira e a medição realizada mensalmente. Os resultados encontrados indicaram taxa de crescimento médio das unhas de 5,4 mm/mês, com variações entre 4,8 e 6,3 mm/mês. Houve diferença significativa quando comparado o crescimento dos cascos dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, sendo que os últimos apresentaram um crescimento superior. As unhas laterais e a região abaxial das mesmas apresentaram um crescimento maior. As maiores taxas de crescimento foram encontradas nos cascos dos membros posteriores, assim como nas unhas laterais e, por fim, na região abaxial das unhas.
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