The article deals with the problems associated with the anthropogenic impact of the mining and consentrating of apatite-nepheline ores on the environment in the Khibiny mountain massif, located in the central part of the Murmansk region. Mining company is one of the largest enterprises of the region and the largest European producer of phosphate raw materials for production of mineral fertilizers, but it is necessary to remember the fact that the activity of this enterprise causes significant damage to the environment, and the impact is complex. This impact is compounded by the low resilience of local ecosystems to human impacts. Mining leads to mechanical disturbance of soils, pollution of groundwater and surface water, atmosphere, soil and vegetation, and affectes negatively on the health of the local population. Negative features of production are low level of integrated use and consentrating of extracted ores, the presence of large amounts of unused waste of mining and consentrating industries. Priority pollutants are dust particles, strontium, lead, zinc, phosphorus, iron, etc. In this paper special attention is paid to bioindication research methods using Baltic sphagnum (Sphagnum balticum) and brown sphagnum (Sphagnum fuscum), due to their ability to accumulate aerotechnogenic pollutants.

The article discusses the problems associated with the anthropogenic impact of the Severonickel plant on the environment in the Murmansk region of the Russian Federation. Due to the operation of this plant, sulfur compounds and metal-containing aerosols prevail in the structure of atmospheric emissions of the Murmansk region. In order to identify the main areas of impact of the Severonickel plant, snow samples were taken directly near the industrial site, as well as at points north and south of the plant, as well as in the city of Monchegorsk and its environs. The evaluation of the concentration of heavy metals was carried out in the ecological and analytical laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and in the laboratory of atomic absorption of the Department of Landscape Geochemistry, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University. The highest values of the index of total pollution with heavy metals of snow are observed at sampling points located 750-1000 m north of the industrial zone, as well as at the point located 2.5 km northeast of Monchegorsk, at the intersection of the Kola highway and the railway station highway. According to 2017, the reaction rim of influence of the enterprise can be traced much further south and north. If according to the data of 2019, the points with significant indices of total pollution are located 2.5–3 km to the north and south of the plant, then, according to 2017, the influence of production can be traced in the radius of 8–10 km. Most likely, this difference in indicators is due to the frequency of winds. In 2019, the transfer of pollutants was much less active.

The article addresses issues related to the preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the Arctic for the maintenance of the traditional way of life of indigenous peoples, whose culture of nature management form unique examples of sustainable development of territories in specific natural conditions. These issues are especially relevant today, when industrial expansion is becoming more and more evident in the territories, where traditional nature use is still carried out, while globalization and unification of cultures of different peoples is underway. The lack of systematization of cultural landscape elements and programs for their preservation threatens to gradually lose many components of natural and cultural heritage. The importance of the creation of territories of traditional nature use is emphasized for the solution of urgent problems of our time: development of traditional activities and preservation of natural and cultural heritage of indigenous people. This question is relevant for many regions, including the north of European Russia, where there is a pressing problem of comparing the socio-economic efficiency of the preservation of the natural environment with the industrial or other economic use of the territory, which has not only rich raw materials, but also well-preserved natural landscapes and a unique preserved “living” culture of the aboriginals of the Kola Peninsula - the culture of the Saami people.

The Khibiny attracts more and more attention as an interesting and promising object attracting flows of tourists and athletes not only from a number of regions of Russia, but also from abroad. In this regard, significant changes are taking place in Kirovsk in the structure of economic activity, associated, first of all, with the reorganization of recreational activities. However, the presence of mining facilities in this area has caused a large load on natural ecosystems. As a result, an adverse environmental situation is developing in the study area, which limits the development of recreation here. To assess the current state and identify opportunities for the development of recreational activities in the Khibiny, in particular, in the city of Kirovsk and its environs, comprehensive studies were carried out in January 2019, 2020 and in August 2021. The results show that this region is a very attractive recreation center, and vacationers and local residents are interested in the development of tourism in this area. At the same time, the studies revealed a number of problems limiting the development of tourism in the Khibiny, which include, first of all, the deterioration of the quality of the natural environment associated with the emergence of technogenic landscapes as a result apatite-nepheline mining. socio-economic factors that reduce the tourist and recreational attractiveness of the Khibiny include the low level of development of tourist infrastructure and the quality of services.

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