Currently, the Russian government has announced the creation of 9 tourism and recreational zones, which have preferential taxation and are designed to develop domestic and foreign tourism. The paper considers the prospects for the development of the Baikal region concerning Special economic zone of tourism and recreation “Baikal Harbour”. The complex approach was used which included the variety of methods such as landscape and geochemical research, the study of contemporary environmental situation in order to assess the prospects for the development of recreation and nature protection. To assess the prospects for the region development as the local population see them the sociological survey was carried out. The SWOT-analysis revealed the positive and negative factors of territory development. To meet the priorities of socio-economic development of the Republic of Buryatia it is optimal to encourage the growth of Special economic zone “Baikal Harbour”. The impact of this zone is believed to be nonthreatening in comparison with unorganised tourism. The diversity of tourism and entertainment creates the necessary conditions for the efficient spending of tourists having a rest in the resort, and provides cash flow, allowing compensate all the investments in basic facilities and tourist infrastructure. Keywords: sustainable tourism, environmental management, special economic zones, Baikal Harbour, Lake Baikal

The article deals with the problems associated with the anthropogenic impact of the mining and consentrating of apatite-nepheline ores on the environment in the Khibiny mountain massif, located in the central part of the Murmansk region. Mining company is one of the largest enterprises of the region and the largest European producer of phosphate raw materials for production of mineral fertilizers, but it is necessary to remember the fact that the activity of this enterprise causes significant damage to the environment, and the impact is complex. This impact is compounded by the low resilience of local ecosystems to human impacts. Mining leads to mechanical disturbance of soils, pollution of groundwater and surface water, atmosphere, soil and vegetation, and affectes negatively on the health of the local population. Negative features of production are low level of integrated use and consentrating of extracted ores, the presence of large amounts of unused waste of mining and consentrating industries. Priority pollutants are dust particles, strontium, lead, zinc, phosphorus, iron, etc. In this paper special attention is paid to bioindication research methods using Baltic sphagnum (Sphagnum balticum) and brown sphagnum (Sphagnum fuscum), due to their ability to accumulate aerotechnogenic pollutants.

No abstract

The article discusses the problems associated with the anthropogenic impact of the Severonickel plant on the environment in the Murmansk region of the Russian Federation. Due to the operation of this plant, sulfur compounds and metal-containing aerosols prevail in the structure of atmospheric emissions of the Murmansk region. In order to identify the main areas of impact of the Severonickel plant, snow samples were taken directly near the industrial site, as well as at points north and south of the plant, as well as in the city of Monchegorsk and its environs. The evaluation of the concentration of heavy metals was carried out in the ecological and analytical laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and in the laboratory of atomic absorption of the Department of Landscape Geochemistry, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University. The highest values of the index of total pollution with heavy metals of snow are observed at sampling points located 750-1000 m north of the industrial zone, as well as at the point located 2.5 km northeast of Monchegorsk, at the intersection of the Kola highway and the railway station highway. According to 2017, the reaction rim of influence of the enterprise can be traced much further south and north. If according to the data of 2019, the points with significant indices of total pollution are located 2.5–3 km to the north and south of the plant, then, according to 2017, the influence of production can be traced in the radius of 8–10 km. Most likely, this difference in indicators is due to the frequency of winds. In 2019, the transfer of pollutants was much less active.

The presented analytical review considers environmental and socio-economic problems of environmental management in the Arctic, the comprehensive studies of which were carried out within the framework of the subprogramme "Development and use of the Arctic" of the Federal target program "World ocean", the Federal target program "risk Reduction and mitigation of natural and man – made emergencies in the Russian Federation", the UNEP/GEF project "Russian Federation-support to The national action plan for the protection of the Arctic marine environment" and other international projects. Many of the author's conceptual and methodological developments remain relevant at present to solve the problems identified in the strategy of development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and national security for the period up to 2020, the Strategy of development of Maritime activities of the Russian Federation until 2030, the Strategy of national security of the Russian Federation. Strategic planning documents have been developed: including the Basics of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, the action Plan of the Arctic Council for sustainable development, the Strategic action program (SPD) for environmental protection of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the draft concept of sustainable development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, investment proposals and guidelines for cleaning the Arctic territories from pollution, including in the areas of the Russian presence on the Svalbard archipelago, reduction of natural and man-made risks of emergency situations and increase of protection of valuable natural areas. Also in the monograph are considered: proposals for the regulatory consolidation of the boundaries of the Arctic natural territory in the Russian Arctic to establish a special regime of natural resources, taking into account the high vulnerability of Arctic ecosystems to man-made impacts; methods of causal analysis to determine the relationship between the quality of the environment, the activities of sectors (industries) and the policy of public administration and regulation; road map for the transition from sectoral to complex (integrated) management of marine environmental management; methods of marine spatial planning; strategic environmental assessment of infrastructure projects, etc.