ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02479581.

Background: Prior administration of a small dose of lipopolysaccharide confers a cardiac protection against ischemiareperfusion injury. However, the signaling mechanisms that control the protection are incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates the ability of lipopolysaccharide to protect against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury through distinct intracellular pathways involving myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon-␤-mediated transcription factor (Trif), in-

Although controversial, prophylactic mupirocin in all NICU infants has acted as a barrier to colonization and markedly decreased S. aureus infection rates over a 5-year period.