* Матюшкина Елена Яковлевна, кандидат психологических наук, доцент кафедры клинической психологии и психотерапии, ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ, Москва, Рос-сия, MatyushkinaEYa@mgppu.ru В данной статье представлены результаты пилотажного исследования, целью которого является сравнение уровня учебного стресса, стрессоустойчиво-сти и эмоционального выгорания студентов, получающих первое высшее и второе высшее образование. Обследовано 55 человек: 28 студентов третьего курса первого высшего образования (средний возраст 21,5 лет), 27 студентов третьего и четвертого курса второго высшего образования (средний возраст 34 года). Выявлено, что студенты второго высшего образования имеют ста-тистически значимые различия по уровню психического состояния, стрес-соустойчивости и эмоционального выгорания по сравнению со студентами первого высшего образования. Студенты, получающие второе высшее об-разование, меньше эмоционально выгорают, так как их профессиональный выбор является более осознанным по сравнению со студентами первого выс-шего образования, находящимися под влиянием кризиса профессиональной идентичности на третьем курсе.Ключевые слова: учебный стресс, стрессоустойчивость, эмоциональное выго-рание, совладание со стрессом, студенты, второе высшее образование.Социально-экономические преобразования в России диктуют необ-ходимость получения второго высшего образования все возрастающим

Тhis paper attempts to address the relationship of reflection, supervision, and professional burnout of psychologists and psychotherapists. The sample of the pilot study included 38 people, including 27 women and 11 men. Тhe average age of the subjects was 36.6 years for women (range: 24—55) and 39.1 years for men (range: 29—57). The following methods were used: Burnout Inventory (Maslach, Jackson, 1981; Vodop’yanova, Starchenkova, 2005); Differential Diagnostics of Reflexivity (Leont’ev, Lapteva, Osin, Salikhova, 2009); color metaphor technique (Solomin, 1996); a professional and demographic questionnaire developed by the authors. All respondents are engaged in the field of practical psychology. The results of the study revealed a low level of professional burnout and the prevalence of systemic reflection among specialists systematically attending supervision. For respondents not using the help of a supervisor, symptoms of professional burnout and the prevalence of introspection were found.

The review of modern studies on the issue of professional burnout in young doctors and medical residents revealed the highest emotional distress in young residents doing internships in intensive care and emergency units. The paper presents the results of the study on 143 medical residents in the multi-profile hospital of emergency medicine. The methodical complex used included Maslach Burnout Inventory, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL-90-R) by L. Derogatis, and a survey on the attitude to professional troubles. Most young doctors pointed out the close relationship between problems with physical health and emotional wellbeing to their professional activity. The vast majority of the participants met the criteria for burnout, as indicated by high emotional exhaustion (69%) and depersonalization (85%) indications from the Maslach Inventory. Although most residents didn’t endorse any problems in communicating with the patients, their high level of depersonalization is more likely to attest to formalizing their relationships with the patients as opposed to having high social competence. The yielded results let us conclude that it is necessary to develop and implement into training programs for medical residents of the multi-profile hospital of emergency medicine programs promoting their communication competence, coping with distress, and preventing professional burnout.

The article presents the data of modern foreign studies on occupational stress and burnout among medical workers. It gives an analysis of modern scientific discussions concerning the concept of burnout and the search for criteria for its differentiation from other similar psychoemotional and physiological states. Special emphasis is placed on data on the extremely high risk of professional burnout among emergency medical workers. Recent studies of the level of burnout among physicians are presented as containing the information about increase of these indicators in the modern healthcare system in different countries. The analysis of the latest data on extremely serious consequences of burnout for the mental and physical health of physicians is also introduced. A review of modern diagnostic methods, as well as professional, psychological, organizational and social factors of a steady increase in the level of professional burnout, including continuous intensification of work and the introduction of new electronic systems for maintaining medical records, is given. The necessity of developing and implementing methods for the prevention of professional burnout in modern medicine is substantiated.

The article presents the results of a longitudinal study of the factors of professional burnout of contact center employees, such as length of service, intensity of activity, professional success and professional motivation. The research was conducted in 2 stages. The total sample size was 78 respondents: 53 of them were examined at the first stage, 25 — at the second stage. The study showed that professional burnout is a multifactorial and complex process that does not directly depend on such factors as work experience, professional effectiveness, and professional motivation level. The risk of professional burnout syndrome increases if the structure of professional motivation is dominated by external and narrowly social motives. On the other hand, it decreases significantly, if employees can realize personal motives, values, and meanings in their professional activities.