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Obtaining vascular access by catheterisation is a good option, especially in patients with vascular system fragility. In the authors' department, there was an increase in Gram Negative Bacillus (GNB) infection in patients with long term catheters (LTC). An objective was set to design an action plan and a new working methodology in order to eradicate the infection and the cause. Three periods were established in the prospective follow-up of LTC patients: the pre-epidemic period (01/94 to 03/99), with a bacteraemia every 144 days per patient, the epidemic period (04/99 to 12/00) with a bacteraemia every ten days per patient, and the post-epidemic period (01/01 to 04/02). A multidisciplinary working group was established, which produced action plans for nursing and technical staff. The working methodology of the service was studied and analysed by means of a review. The deionised water cultures at the entrance to the haemodialysis ward were negative. The dialysis and connector cultures were positive for GNB, confirming that they were of the same genetic origin. An evaluation of the periods was carried out, studying the working methodology, to which no changes were made between the pre-epidemic and epidemic period. In the post-epidemic period, a number of changes were made to the care dynamic, with no other bacteraemia arising to date. Adapting and improving protocols is a good indicator of quality. The role of nursing staff is vital in prevention of GNB.

ObjectiveDescription of an Acynetobacter baumanii extremely resistant (A. Baumanii XDR) outbreak detection and management at the ICU of an University Hospital (Spain). MethodsObservational analysis using ENVIN-HELICS database of all the infected and/or colonized patients in our ICU between January and May 2014 and to describe the multi-disciplinary measures performed for it´s control: hygiene measures (strict hand hygiene, patients daily wash with special chlorhexidine gel, strict contact isolation), clustering measures (grouping all positive patients in ICU and hospitalization ward), general measures (high level structure cleaning, staff members training, adjusting nursing workload), optimize microbiological monitoring (fast culture and resistance maps processing), follow up during and after hospitalization, early empirical and directed antibiotic therapy. ResultsThe first two patients in whom infection/colonization by A. Baumanii XDR (strains OXA 51 and OXA 23) was detected, were hospitalized in vascular and general surgery units between November and December 2013. From January 2014 the sample increased until it was detected in 31 patients (45% colonized and 55% infected), 18 (58%) of which were admitted to ICU. APACHE II at admission was 23 ± 6.75,). 91% of patients where hospitalized. 50% had risk factors at admission, like complicated abdominal surgery and/or pneumonia. 100% of ICU patients with positive cultures required mechanical ventilation (MV), central venous catheter and urinary catheterization. In this group, mortality rate was 33% (6 patients), 3 in the ICU and 3 afterwards in hospitalization ward. The fast detection and comprehensive set of measures allowed the ICU outbreak control in only four months, although in hospital required a longer time for total eradication. ConclusionsA fast detection and multidisciplinary team and measures application was essential to eradicate this ICU A. Baumanii XDR outbreak in only four months. 100% of patients had invasive instrumentation and MV.The severity of A. Baumanii XDR infection is characterized by an increase in mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay.

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