One of important aspect in Structural Health Monitoring System (SHMS) is the initial condition of the structure. This paper studies the initial condition of light rail train (LRT) bridges before officially operated. There are four bridges to be evaluated, consists of three simple supported bridges and one continuous bridge. Data measurement was using tri-axial accelerometer EZDYN with a train-set as the dynamic loading source. The modal parameters are obtained by means of operating modal analysis (OMA) in time domain. Three methods are simulated, that are ARMA, ITD and SSI. The data processing applied shows that all three methods give satisfactory results that confirm each other, for both natural frequencies and vibration modes.
Beton Geopolimer merupakan beton yang tersusun dari campuran agregat kasar dan halus tanpa pengikat semen Portland (OPC). Sebagai penggantinya, digunakan pengikat dari bahan yang banyak mengandung silica dan alumina seperti fly ash. Analog dengan beton yang berbasis semen Portland, beton geopolimer juga menjadi kurang sempurna jika campuran beton segar mempunyai konsistensi yang tinggi dan bersifat kental (kaku) sehingga sulit untuk dikerjakan (workabilitas rendah). Penambahan Superplastisizer manjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan workabilitasnya. Dalam makalah ini digunakan superplastisizer yang berbasis naphthalene dengan dosis 0%, 1.5%, dan 2 %. Molaritas larutan NaOH yang digunakan sebagai aktivator alkalin adalah 8 M, 10 M, 12 M, dan 14 M dengan rasio Na2SiO3/NaOH = 1.5. Dari hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa pengaruh superplastisizer yang berbasis naphthalene cukup efektif untuk memperbaiki workabilitas beton geopolymer. Beton segar menjadi lebih encer dan mudah dilakukan pemadatan saat di tuang ke dalam cetakan. Superplastisizer juga mampu meningkatkan kekuatan beton geopolymer namun besaran hanya mencapai 5.42%. Dosis Superplastisizer akan optimum pada persentase 1.5% terhadap berat fly ash dengan kuat tekan mencapai 31.63 MPa dan nilai slump antara 8-10 cm. Molaritas larutan NaOH yang baik untuk rasio Na2SiO3/NaOH = 1.5 adalah 8 M.
The dynamic increase factor phenomenon occurred in both tested materials, soft wood and hard wood, with the stresses rising with an increase of the strain rate. The dynamic increase factors of spruce wood in the longitudinal, tangential, and radial direction were obtained. The dynamic increase factors of teak wood in the longitudinal and radial direction were obtained. The parameters applied in the numerical simulation using LS-Dyna for the SHPB rods, the tested wood materials and the contacts in the experiments conducted were satisfactory.
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