This paper proposes alternative models for the analysis of count data featuring a given spatial structure, which corresponds to geographical areas. We assume that the overdispersion data structure partially results from the existing and well justified spatial correlation between geographical adjacent regions, so an extension of existing overdispersion models that include spatial neighborhood structures within a Bayesian framework is proposed. These models allow practitioners to quantify the association explained by the considered neighborhood structures and the one modelled by additional factors. Finally, using the information provided by the Colombian National Demographic and Health Survey, the usefulness of the proposed models is illustrated by fitting them to infant mortality rates and to data including the proportion of mothers who, after giving birth to their last child, underwent a postnatal screening period in Colombia.
RESUMENObjetivo Determinar las características y el nivel de acoso escolar en los colegios de la Localidad Ciudad Bolívar de Bogotá, Colombia. Material y métodos La muestra se conformó con 3 226 alumnos de educación básica y media, de grados sexto a once, de colegios oficiales de la localidad Ciudad Bolívar de Bogotá. Los datos obtenidos a través de la aplicación de una encuesta, en la que se estableció la frecuencia con que los alumnos son víctimas de situaciones de violencia escolar, fueron analizados estadísticamente utilizando SPSS 14.0. Resultados Los resultados indican niveles de indiferencia, agresividad y otras formas de violencia en las escuelas. Un alto porcentaje de estudiantes es rechazado y humillado por sus compañeros. El nivel de acoso escolar resultó independiente del nivel socioeconómico de los estudiantes, pero dependiente del grado escolar en que se encuentren. Situaciones de acoso como "me dicen apodos que no me gustan" o "no cuentan conmigo para actividades de clase" son más frecuentes en los grados sexto, séptimo y octavo. Finalmente, a partir de los índices global, de intensidad y estratégico se muestra que para un alto porcentaje de estudiantes, la escuela es un espacio donde cada día trae más sufrimiento, donde se presentan múltiples situaciones de violencia que generan miedo y afectan la vida de los niños. Conclusiones La comunidad estudiantil de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar, en Bogotá, Colombia está afectada por un alto número de situaciones de acoso escolar.Palabras Clave: Violencia, acoso, conducta del adolescente, Bogotá (fuente: DeCS, BIREME).
ABSTRACT ObjectiveDetermining the characteristics and level of bullying in state schools in Ciudad Bolivar (Locality 19) in Bogotá, Colombia. Material and methods A sample of 3 226 basic education students was taken, the students being in the sixth to eleventh grades in state schools in the locality of 517
In this paper joint mean and variance beta regression models are proposed. The proposed models are fitted by applying the Bayesian method and assuming normal prior distribution for the regression parameters. An analysis of synthetic and real data is included, assuming the proposed model, together with a comparison of the result obtained assuming joint modeling of the mean and precision parameters.
In this paper we summarize the main points of beta regression models under Bayesian perspective, including a presentation of the Bayesianbetareg R-package, used to fit the beta regression models under a Bayesian approach. Finally, beta regression models are fitted to a reading score database using, respectively, the Bayesianbetareg and betareg R-Packages for Bayesian and classic perspectives.
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