Este estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar na literatura científica, qual exame físico e complementar pode ser realizado para a avaliação precoce da doença renal crônica (DRC) de cães e gatos. A metodologia foi baseada em uma revisão da literatura entre 2020 e 2021 e a base de dados utilizada foram do portal da Sociedade de Interesse Renal (iris-kidney.com), Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Libary Online e National Library of Medicine dos Estados Unidos, National Institutes of Health. Os resultados mostraram que a precocidade do diagnóstico de DRC pode ser realizada pela identificação direta ou indireta de alterações estruturais, visualizadas pelos exames de imagem, análise de amostras séricas ou de urina para uma análise funcional, e biopsia tecidual para a detecção de alterações histológicas do parênquima. O aumento abrupto da ureia e creatinina séricas caracteriza estádios avançados da Injúria Renal Aguda (IRA) que podem acontecer por si só ou descompensação de uma DRC precedente. Essa situação é ainda mais complexa, pois além da cronicidade, passa a existir uma IRA, que tende a ser mais devastadora pela baixa massa renal funcional existente. Estadiar o animal como DRC pode ser desafiador e exige que os médicos entendam a importância de documentar os valores retrospectivos na concentração de creatinina. Avaliar outras evidências clínicas da doença como hipertensão arterial, perda de peso, escore de condição corporal e de massa muscular, densidade urinária, proteinúria e exames de imagem faz parte do plano diagnóstico. A mensuração da dimetilarginina simétrica (SDMA) promove um ajuste fino do estadiamento do paciente e contribuiu para o ajuste terapêutico com propósito de evitar a progressão da enfermidade.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hematological changes in dogs diagnosed with Ehrlichia canis. METHODS: 54 dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Santo Amaro University were analyzed. During the consultation, the animals' real temperature was measured; and venous blood samples were collected for hemogram; and performed serological and molecular tests, through Immunofluorescence and PCR in real time, respectively. RESULTS: Among the 54 animals suspected of having E. canis, 32 (59.3%) were diagnosed as positive. Of these, 23 (42.6%) were positive only in the serological test, while 9 (16.7%) had positive results in the serological and molecular tests. Thrombocytopenia was the most important alteration found in this study and was the only parameter found in the blood count that showed a statistical difference. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that thrombocytopenia was the main finding in infected animals and that the combination of molecular and serological diagnoses may increase the chances of detection of infection or exposure to the agent.
OBJECTIVE: Detection of Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia rickettsii, Anaplasma platys, Rangelia vitalii, and Babesia canis vogeli using real-time PCR in dogs treated at the veterinary hospital of the Universidade Santo Amaro, located in the south zone, in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. METHODS: DNA was extracted from 63 whole blood samples using the “PureLink Genomic DNA” extraction kit (Invitrogen®) according to the manufacturer's instructions and real-time PCR was performed to detect Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia rickettsii, Anaplasma platys, Rangelia vitalii, and Babesia canis vogeli. RESULTS: In total, 23.8% (15/63) of the samples were positive by real-time PCR for at least one pathogen. Of these, 9.52% (6/63) were positive for Babesia canis vogeli and 14.2% (9/63) for Ehrlichia canis. No samples were positive for Rickettsia rickettsii, Rangelia vitalii, and Anaplasma platys. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated, in an unprecedented way, the presence of B. canis vogeli and E. canis in dogs from fragmentation areas of the Atlantic Forest around the Guarapiranga Reservoir in the city of São Paulo, expanding knowledge on the dispersion of this agent in Brazil.
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