Este trabalho descreve uma metodologia simples empregando análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica pulsada para determinação simultânea de dipirona (DI) e paracetamol (PCT) em formulações farmacêuticas. Os compostos são detectados através da aplicação de quatro pulsos de potencial (seqüenciais) em função do tempo. Dipirona é diretamente detectada em +0,40 V e paracetamol indiretamente em 0,00 V através da redução do produto de oxidação (N-acetil-pbenzoquinonaimina) gerada eletroquimicamente em +0,65 V. O quarto pulso de potencial (-0,05 V) é aplicado para a regeneração ou limpeza do eletrodo de trabalho (carbono vítreo). A faixa linear de resposta foi otimizada em 9 a 45 mg L -1 para dipirona e em 6 a 30 mg L -1 para paracetamol. As regressões lineares para as duas curvas analíticas apresentaram excelentes coeficientes de correlação (R = 0,999), assim como os resultados obtidos nos estudos de adição-recuperação (ca. 100%). A freqüência analítica para a metodologia proposta foi calculada em 45 injeções hora com o consumo de 1,5 mL de solução por minuto. O desvio padrão relativo do sinal para 24 injeções sucessivas foi calculado em 0,4 % para dipirona e 0,2 % para paracetamol. O método proposto foi usado com sucesso para a determinação destes compostos em formulações farmacêuticas.In this work a simple flow injection methodology with pulsed amperometric detection for simultaneous determination of dipyrone (DI) and paracetamol (PCT) in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The compounds are detected by applying four sequential potential pulses as function of the time. Dipyrone is directly detected at +0.40 V and paracetamol indirectly at 0.00 V through the reduction of the oxidation product (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine) electrochemically generated at +0.65 V. The fourth potential pulse (-0.05 V) is applied for the cleaning of the electrode surface (glassy carbon). The linear response range was optimized between 9 and 45 mg L -1 for dipyrone and 6 and 30 mg L -1 for paracetamol. Linear regression of these two series of experiments leads to excellent correlation coefficients (R = 0.999) for both analytes and recoveries of around 100%. The proposed methodology allows an analytical frequency of 45 injections h -1 with a consumption of 1.5 mL of solution per minute. The relative standard deviation for 24 successive injections of solutions containing DI and PCT was calculated as 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. The developed methodology was successfully used for the determination of dipyrone and paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples.Keywords: simultaneous determination, dipyrone, paracetamol, flow injection analysis (FIA), multiple pulse amperometric detection IntroductionDipyrone (DI), also known as metamizol, is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic with proven efficiency in pharmaceutical formulations.1 Despite being restricted in some countries, like the United States, DI is commercially available in Brazil, mainly due to its strong analgesic effect and a relative low cost.2 In some drugs, DI is pre...
Este trabalho descreve a construção e caracterização de uma célula eletroquímica microfluídica com a inserção dos três eletrodos (trabalho, pseudo-referência e auxiliar) em microcanais com espessuras menores que 20 µm. Os microcanais foram construídos entre duas bases de policarbonato com o uso de uma ou mais máscaras de toner sobrepostas como espaçador. Esta estratégia permite a construção de microcélulas com um volume interno sobre o eletrodo de trabalho entre 0,6 a 2,4 µL. Três diferentes materiais foram otimizados como eletrodos nas microcélulas: filmes de ouro ou compósito de grafite como eletrodo de trabalho, compósito de prata como pseudo-referência e compósito de grafite como eletrodo auxiliar. O desempenho das células microfluídicas foi avaliado usando as técnicas de voltametria cíclica, redissolução potenciométrica a corrente constante e voltametria de redissolução anódica por onda quadrada empregando ferrocianeto e alguns metais pesados (Cu This work describes the construction and characterization of an electrochemical flow-through microcell with the three electrodes (working, pseudo-reference, and auxiliary) inserted in microchannels with thickness smaller than 20 µm. These microchannels were constructed between two stacked polycarbonate slides using one or more overlapped toner masks as spacer. This strategy allows the construction of microcells with a variable internal volume on the working electrode (0.6 to 2.4 µL). Three different materials were optimized as electrodes: gold film or graphiteepoxy composite as working electrode, silver-epoxy composite as pseudo-reference electrode and, graphite-epoxy composite as auxiliary electrode. The performance of the microfluidic cell was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, potentiometric stripping analysis at constant current, and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry using ferrocyanide and heavy metals (Cu
The present work reports a simple and quick strategy for simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PC) and ascorbic acid (AA) in pharmaceutical formulations using flow injection method with multiple pulse amperometric detection. The method allows the resolution of the mixture without chemical pretreatment of the sample or electrode modification or the use of chemometric techniques for data analysis. The compounds are detected by applying four sequential pulses (waveform) in function of time to a three-electrode amperometric system that uses a wall-jet cell with gold as working electrode. AA is direct detected at þ 0.40 V and PC is indirectly detected at 0.0 V by the reduction (desorption) of the oxidation product (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine) electrochemically generated at þ 0.65 V. The fourth potential pulse (À 0.05 V) is applied for the complete regeneration (cleaning) of the gold electrode surface. The linear response range was optimized between 5 and 24 mg L À1 for AA and 50 and 240 mg L À1for PC. The difference between the two responses ranges (10-fold) present correlation with the concentration of these compounds in two different pharmaceutical formulations available in the Brazilian market. The analytical frequency was calculated in 60 injections per hour. The use of the proposed methodology for PC quantification in the presence of higher AA concentrations was also carried out. Using the standard addition method, it was possible to detect PC in trace levels (LD ¼ 0.2 mg L À1 ) in the presence of 880-fold more of AA (176 mg L À1 ).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.