Objetivo: Fue determinar la viabilidad de la metodología de espectroscopía del infrarrojo cercano para estimar la madurez de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El manejado de los parámetros para evaluar la madurez fueron los sólidos solubles totales (ºBrix) y Pol (%). Este trabajo se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres en Tucumán, Argentina, donde se colectaron 1265 muestras de jugos de caña de azúcar en laboratorio, donde se examinaron los sólidos solubles totales (ºBrix) y Pol (%) con los métodos habituales y para la obtención de los espectros de las muestras de jugo se utilizó el espectrofotómetro de infrarrojo cercano FOSS NIR Systems modelo 6500 para líquidos. Y el modelo de predicción para ºBrix y Pol (%) en jugos, se generó a partir del tratamiento matemático SNV y Detrend y arreglos 1,4,4,1 y 2,4,4,1 (derivada, GAP y suavizados, respectivamente). Resultados: Los modelos de predicción generados para ºBrix y Pol (%), tienen valores de error estándar de calibración (SEC) de 0.126 y 0.296; error estándar de predicción (SEP) de 0.181 y 0.327; y coeficiente de correlación de la calibración (R2) de 0.997 y 0.991, respectivamente. Limitaciones/implicaciones: El estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres en Tucumán, Argentina, por motivos de logística entre Instituciones Públicas y Privadas en México. Hallazgos/Conclusiones: Estos resultados indican que los modelos desarrollados para ºBrix y Pol (%) se pueden utilizar como una alternativa más económica a los procedimientos convencionales en la determinación de la madurez ya que mejora la velocidad en las determinaciones, no emplea reactivos químicos y requiere de menor mano de obra.
In the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico, wastewater is often used in agricultural systems which have caused negative environmental effects, such as edaphic heavy metal pollution. Consequently, plants in the area begin to absorb heavy metals. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride strains on bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd and Cr in inoculated cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus). The soil used in this study contains Pb, Cd and Cr (34.63, 0.24, and 32.32 mg/kg, respectively). In Trichoderma root colonization, the highest measurement was Trichoderma harzianum (100 %). The cucumber plants translocated Pb, Cr, and Cd to their fruits and leaves. Concentrations of Pb and Cd were higher in the basal leaves of the cucumber plant, whereas Cr was more concentrated in the cucumber fruits. Pb was not found in the cucumber skin. For Cd concentration in the skin, the T. harzianum and T. viride treatments at 2.34 × 106 and 2.34 × 106 CFU/mL, respectively, resulted in a 20.2 % reduction of this metal. Trichoderma, with 2.34 × 106 CFU/mL, had the lowest concentration of Cr in the pulp (5.572 mg/kg). No differences were found in metal concentrations in the skin or leaves.
Objective. To prepare the fertility classification for the sugarcane-cultivated soils in the Pujiltic Sugarcane Mill (PSM) supply area in order to improve decision-making. Design / methodology / approach. The soils were classified according to their fertility (FCC), using a system based on the quantifiable parameters of the upper soil layer and some characteristics of the subsoil directly linked to the growth of sugarcane. Results. Six factors limited the agricultural potential of the PSM soils: alkalinity, water excess or deficit, clay content, erosion, nutritional deficiencies, and low CEC, which alone or in groups act in detriment of soil fertility. Limitations / implications. Solving these problems requires a comprehensive analysis that considers crop type, planting season, and technology availability. Findings / conclusions. The soil fertility classification system enabled the classification of 11 soil subunits of the PSM area.
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