During mass rearing, adaptation of biological control agents to the rearing environment is a potential problem. Using the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma pretiosum, the performance of 26 highly inbred lines, five composite ‘populations’ (created from the inbred lines) and one insectary‐reared population was compared using fertility life tables. Of the composite populations, three were created with maximal and identical genetic variation as a mixture of all 26 inbred lines, but these were then reared for a different number of generations (2, 6 or 17) before their performance was measured. The remaining two composite populations were created based on the performance of the individual inbred lines: one was a combination of two inbred lines with a high intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), ‘high rm’; and the other was a combination of two lines with a ‘low rm’. High and low rm populations were reared for two generations prior to testing. Parameters measured were fertility, longevity and sex ratio. We found no difference between the maximally variable population reared for two generations and the ‘high rm’ population (rm = 0.285 and 0.282, respectively). ‘Low rm’ was the population with the lower performance (rm = 0.255). Genetically variable population reared for two generations for 48 h produced significantly more offspring than the populations reared for 6 and 17 generations. Hybrid population derived from the high‐rm lines did significantly better than that derived from the low‐rm lines. Low‐performance populations become more male based than high performance at 48 h. The potential benefits to improve population's performance using inbred lines for mass rearing are discussed.
Mediante la comparación de sus parámetros poblacionales, fecundidad y tasa sexual, se evaluó el desempeño de cuatro poblaciones de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley: dos líneas puras altamente endogámicas (98%) con bajo y alto desempeño (2 y 43 respectivamente) y dos líneas genéticamente variables (producto de la combinación de 26 líneas puras) con 2 y 40 generaciones. Los resultados muestran que tanto en los parámetros poblacionales Ro, T, λ y rm, como en la fecundidad, la línea genéticamente variable con dos generaciones presenta los mejores resultados seguido de la genéticamente variable con 40 generaciones, después se ubica a la línea 43 y por último a la línea pura 2. Se compara la fecundidad y proporción sexual observada a las 48 h y total. La fecundidad a las 48 h no presenta diferencias significativas en entre las líneas genéticamente variables y la línea pura 43. La proporción sexual observada a las 48 h, no presenta diferencias significativas entre las dos líneas genéticamente variables y la línea pura 43, relación que cambia en la proporción sexual total, donde se observó que las líneas genéticamente variables producen un mayor número de machos en los días subsecuentes.
ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los efectos histológicos y los relacionados a vigor con la aplicación del extracto de Heliopsis longipes sobre plántulas de tomate inoculadas con Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). El extracto de H. longipes se asperjó a una concentración de 300 mgL -1 en plántulas de tomate, posteriormente se realizó la inoculación con FOL por inmersión de raíces. Veinte días después se tomaron los datos de incidencia y severidad, encontrándose que la aplicación del extracto provocó una disminución de 15% y 80% respectivamente para estas variables mientras que para altura de la planta se presentó un incremento de 14.3%. En longitud de raíz y peso seco de hojas y tallo se observó un decremento en los resultados; sin embargo, estos valores estuvieron por encima de los obtenidos para plantas inoculadas con FOL. Se encontraron cambios histológicos ocurridos por la infección de FOL así como por la aplicación del extracto, que consistieron en la modificación de la distribución de los haces vasculares en la raíz, así como en el incremento del área relativa del córtex de raíz y tallo y la disminución del número de vasos del xilema de la raíz. Estos resultados indican que la aplicación del extracto tiene un efecto sobre los síntomas de marchitamiento causados por FOL. AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the histological effects and those related to vigor with the application of an extract of Heliopsis longipes on tomato seedlings inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). H. longipes extract was sprayed at a concentration of 300 mgL -1 in tomato seedlings subsequently inoculated with FOL by root immersion. Twenty days later incidence and severity data were taken, finding that the application of the extract caused a decrease of 15% and 80% respectively for these variables whereas for plant height there was an increase of 14.3%. In root length and dry weight of leaves and stem there was a decrease in the results; however, these values were higher than those obtained for plants inoculated with FOL. Histological changes were found by effect of FOL infection as well as for extract application, which consisted in modifying the distribution of vascular bundles in root, as well as increasing the relative area of root and stem cortex and reducing the number of xylem vessels in root. These results indicate that the application of the extract has an effect on wilting symptoms caused by FOL.
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