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Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) can be considered one of the most promising ways of improving the sustainability of the road transport sector. They are equipped with an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) coupled to an electro-mechanical system. This study has focused on a parallel-hybrid diesel powertrain featuring a high-voltage Belt Alternator Starter (BAS). This layout allows regenerative braking, Stop&Start, load point shift and electric power assistance to the ICE. However, a dedicated optimization of the operating strategy is required to exploit all the expected advantages of the considered HEV. The project has entailed the implementation of a zero-dimensional model of the hybrid powertrain in GT-Drive and Matlab environments. Genetic Algorithm (GA) based techniques have been used to define a novel benchmark operating strategy and to calibrate a real-time optimizer. The benchmark and real-time optimization approaches have been applied to reduce the total FC and NOx emissions as well as to diminish the local combustion noise peaks. Different mission profiles have been considered, i.e. the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and three Artemis driving routes. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods and the improvements obtained in fuel economy, NOx emissions and combustion noise.

The Shaded Pole Single Phase Asynchronous Motor represents one of the most common and popular electric machines used for general purpose. It is a peculiar application in electric machinery because even if it is characterized by large scale production volumes and easiness in construction, the Shaded Pole Asynchronous Motor is also known as a complex technological appliance from the point of view of the electric machines theory because of its difficulty to be studied and modelled. The aim of this paper is to show an innovative way to analyse the electromagnetic behaviour of the shaded pole single phase motor using the classic electric machines theory in order to lead technical and empiric solutions getting the best optimization results.