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The involvement of personality factors in traffic accidents is supported by findings from psychiatric studies which focus on psychopathology, psychopathy, stress, alcoholism, and accident-proneness and from other studies which make use of psychological testing devices to measure components of personality. Further progress in clarifying the relationship between personality and traffic accidents may be achieved through the use of more appropriate validation criteria and more inclusive stylistic conceptions of personality.

ARTICLES and reports have appeared setting forth the essential features of the pilot selection procedures employed during World War II by the German (3, 5), Japanese (6), Royal (1), American (18), and Canadian (2) Air Forces. A survey of these studies indicates that only those pertaining to the RAF, USAAF, and RCAF provide sufficiently dependable evidence regarding the value of the procedures concerned for predicting achievement in flying training. Since similar evidence for the German and Japanese pilot selection systems is either lacking or is based on verbal statements from individuals interviewed by American and British investigators soon after the war, no satisfactory basis exists for evaluating them in strict scientific terms.The present study attempts to provide further evidence regarding the scientific adequacy of the pilot selection battery employed by the RCAF during World War II, and is limited only to a consideration of its predictive significance for the three preliminary stages of training given in Canada. Moreover, it is a further aim of the study to draw separate comparisons among three distinct procedures developed by the RCAF and RAF for assessing flying ability in pilot training applicants. The procedures in question are: the RCAF Visual Link Test, the RAF "grading" procedure, and a flying instructors' rating procedure that had been experimentally employed by both services at one time or another during the war.The data for the study are taken from a special project that was undertaken jointly by the RCAF and RAF during the period from the middle of 1943 to the end of 1944. It derives its name from the circumstance that special arrangements had to be made at the wartime RCAF station at Arnprior, Ontario, for the experimental control and administration of the RAF "grading" procedure. SELECTION PROCEDURESDue to limitations of space, only a bare description of the selection procedures employed on the Arnprior project can be attempted here. However, more complete accounts are given elsewhere (12), or in original articles by the various authors indicated.

A reworking of correlations between the spouses of three matched groups of happily married, troubled, and separating couples on the 10 traits of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey showed: (1) stronger evidence than previously reported of unhappiness in marriage being associated with inverse spouse relationships on personality traits, (2) less evidence than is shown in a study by Cattell and Nesselroade for the operability of the “completeness” principle in marriage. Some differences between the two studies are also discussed.