Se realizó una clasificación del territorio noroccidental del estado de Yucatán, basado en un enfoque físico-geográfico que considera la cuenca hidrogeológica de Chicxulub como unidad de planificación y desarrollo. La particularidad de esta cuenca radica en que posee condiciones de unidad geográfica natural muy específicas. En los 3 198 km2 que abarca el área en estudio y de acuerdo con el ambiente geológico, el régimen climático, las características hidrológicas, los suelos existentes, las formaciones vegetales y los factores antropogénicos, se lograron diferenciar dos Unidades Geográficas Funcionales de primer orden: a) Llanura kárstica, litoral, marino-acumulativa, muy baja (H < 2 msnm), de edad cuaternaria y b) Llanura kárstica, denudativa, baja (H < 9 msnm), de edad terciaria. Del mismo modo, se identificaron cinco unidades de segundo orden, ocho unidades de tercer orden y 26 unidades de cuarto orden. Se describieron las principales características del clima, como un factor determinante de las regulaciones hidrológicas de la región, y se analizó la dinámica hidrológica superficial y subterránea de las principales unidades del paisaje. Se encontró que la situación actual de la costa es de fuerte inestabilidad, donde dominan los procesos erosivos en las playas y donde se predice un incremento acelerado del nivel del mar por fenómenos como el calentamiento global, además del fuerte impacto ocasionado por la infraestructura habitacional y productiva, la deforestación y la construcción de espolones y escolleras en el litoral. Se sugiere realizar estudios sobre las descargas de agua dulce, a través de manantiales submarinos en el litoral yucateco, sobre los procesos de formación del acuitardo costero, los procesos de disolución del karst yucateco, y caracterizar la dinámica hidrológica del anillo de cenotes y su influencia en la zona litoral.
Understanding groundwater systems is crucial to ensure their monitoring and protection. Global groundwater models and predictive tools exist to better understand them. In view of scarce groundwater data especially in developing countries, the question of how to model these systems and make them usable for groundwater management is crucial. Herein, we demonstrate how a transdisciplinary process can overcome the data scarcity problem and lead to the development of a Local Groundwater Balance Model (LGBM). Over 50 actors from more than 15 disciplines and groundwater related sectors were involved for the case of Yucatan, Mexico. Results revealed high wastewater emissions to the aquifer discharged without treatment and poor recycling practices. The method can be adapted to specific regions, can be used to address methodological challenges for monitoring, and can contribute with the achievement of the 2030
In the coastal community of Chabihau, Yucatan, Mexico, hurricanes Gilbert (1988) and Isidore (2002) opened breaches in the coastal dune. The government modified these breaches with a floodgate, channels, and bridges, allowing tidal influx that has transformed the swamp ecosystem into a coastal lagoon. Our long-term research (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) has been based on participatory methods including identification of needs, introduction of technical changes, monitoring of modifications, and facilitating evaluations by local users. Researchers have documented their work with both women's and men's groups, as well as with community authorities and open assemblies of residents. Government agencies generally practice sectorial management, which focuses on a single sector or subject, even though it considers impacts and interdependencies with others (for example, fishing, road serviceability, protected areas, territorial zoning, and municipal strengthening). In contrast, this community (with its researchers/advisors) has struggled toward integrated coastal management, which focuses on guiding the necessary changes to maintain quality of life for human communities dependent on local ecosystem services, including those of coastal basins and extensive marine areas. Our findings question the accepted practice of designing conservation projects in centralized hierarchical structures that leave little space for local maneuvering and negotiation.
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