1 Programa de pós-graduação e -FVet UFPel Pelotas, RS 2 Faculdade de Veterinária UFPel Pelotas, RS 3 Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos UFPel Pelotas, RS RESUMO O uso de fitoterápicos é uma alternativa de baixo custo e de fácil acesso para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas. Objetivou-se avaliar a ação do extrato oleoso de urucum na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas abertas. Inicialmente, identificaram-se os principais ácidos graxos do óleo de urucum. Foi realizado ensaio citotóxico para determinar as concentrações a serem utilizadas no ensaio in vivo. No experimento, feridas cutâneas em ratos Wistar foram diariamente tratadas com: extrato de urucum 0,1% (U 0,1%), extrato de urucum 0,01% (U 0,01%), vaselina (V) e solução fisiológica (SF), por até 21 dias. Aos quatro, sete, 14 e 21 dias, foi avaliada clinicamente a presença de exsudato, crosta e epitelização. Determinaramse as áreas da lesão, e amostras de pele, fígado e rins foram coletadas para avalição histológica. Aos 21dias, amostras de pele foram coletadas para análise tensiométrica. Clinicamente, todos os grupos de tratamento apresentaram evolução cicatricial fisiológica. Os grupos U 0,1% e U 0,01% apresentaram maior presença de epitelização aos sete dias e maior retração cicatricial aos quatro dias. Na histologia, U 0,1% e U 0,01% apresentaram aos quatro e sete dias maior quantidade de fibrina e inflamação que V e SF, e, nos demais momentos, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Quanto à fase cicatricial, aos quatro dias todos os grupos encontravam-se na fase inflamatória, aos sete dias U 0,1% e U 0,01% permaneciam na fase inflamatória, diferindo de SF e V, que se caracterizavam na fase proliferativa. Aos 14 dias, os grupos apresentavam-se em transição de fase proliferativa para maturação e, aos 21dias, estavam todos na fase de maturação. Os grupos tratados com urucum expressaram menor resistência à tensão que V e SF. Concluiu-se com este estudo que o extrato oleoso de urucum acelera o processo cicatricial nos primeiros dias, mas proporciona uma cicatriz de baixa qualidade.
Tissue repair is a response reaction to lesions and aggressions that constitutes a dynamic process to maintain the integrity of the organism. Wound healing experiments have used several approaches in order to assess and compare treatment methods, and these discrepancies hamper comparisons among assays. This study assessed three different methods of wound measurement commonly used in healing assays: clock method, graph paper method, and computer-assisted image analysis. We used 30 Wistar rats, kept in appropriate conditions for animal well-being. After anesthesia, and using an eight-millimeter punch, two lesions were made in the back region of each rat. The wounds were assessed on days four, seven, and 14 after infliction. At four days, all methods generated similar results. By day seven, the clock method had lost precision, likely due to wound shrinkage, and yielded greater means compared to the other two methods. On the last assessment, the computer-assisted method appeared to have more precise results, with the other two generating statistically higher means. Computer-assisted image analysis seems to have maintained wound measuring precision throughout this experiment, even when faced with small lesions. Considering these results, the authors recommend the use of computer-assisted measurements in future experiments. Keywords:Healing. Wound contraction. Granulation tissue. Animal experimentation. ResumoO reparo tecidual surge em resposta às lesões e constitui-se de um processo dinâmico para manutenção da integridade do organismo. Nos estudos sobre cicatrização de feridas, tem se utilizado várias técnicas buscando-se uma avaliação da eficácia de meios de tratamento local. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou comparar três métodos de avaliação experimental de áreas de feridas, sendo eles: o método do relógio, papel milimetrado e avaliação computadorizada. Para realização do experimento, foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar em condições de bem-estar. Após realizada a anestesia, foram confeccionadas duas lesões no dorso de cada animal com punch de 8 mm, sendo as feridas avaliadas após quatro, sete e 14 dias de tratamento. Observou-se que aos quatro dias de tratamento, todos os métodos apresentaram o mesmo desempenho, enquanto aos sete e 14 dias, o método do relógio, apresentou maior média de área, perdendo precisão, e aos 14 dias, a avaliação computadorizada apresentou resultados mais precisos em relação a ambos os outros métodos. Concluiu-se que a avaliação computadorizada através de software de áreas de feridas cutâneas apresenta resultados mais precisos em relação aos métodos do relógio e papel milimetrado, principalmente em lesões menores. Palavras-chave:Cicatrização. Contração da ferida. Tecido de granulação. Experimentação animal.
ABSTRACT.-Fernandes C.P.M., Hijano A., Lima C.S., Fontoura E.G., Schramm R.C., Félix S.R. & Nobre M.O. 2017. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of Triticum aestivum on canine outer ear inflammation. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37 (11) Outer ear otitis is a multifactorial acute or chronic inflammation of the ear canal, and treatment is often hampered by growing antibiotic resistance. Pre-clinical assessments have shown that an aqueous extract of Triticum aestiveum (wheat) can effectively reduce the symptoms associated with the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess, through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the use of T. aestivum extract on canine external otitis. Thirty dogs (60 ears) met the criteria to be included in this study, and were randomly assigned a treatment group: placebo, extract, or positive control (C+). Ears were treated every day for seven days, and assessed before treatment (day zero), after treatment (day 7), and again on reassessment (day 14). Clinical assessment included: type of otitis; pinna conformation; presence or absence of itchiness, foul odor, and pain; presence of stenosis, erythema and cerumen. Furthermore, the evaluators assessed the temperature in each ear and the pH of the cerumen, and swabs were collected for bacterial and fungal isolation. All veterinarians treating and assessing the animals were blinded regarding the treatment groups. Results showed little difference in the treatment groups regarding clinical parameters. By day 7 ears treated with the C+ had elevated temperatures, when compared to the others (P<0.05), this was still true on day 14. Bacterial isolation had completely died out by day 7, however, on day fourteen the placebo group had six ears with bacterial infections, unlike the other two groups (P<0.05). The results generated herein show that a 25% wheat extract solution is effective in the reduction of clinical and microbiological parameters of external otitis, with better results when compared to a placebo, and similar results to the traditional, antibiotic/anti-inflammatory treatment.
ResumoA pressão arterial vem recebendo destaque na clínica veterinária atual, podendo ser mensurada de forma não-invasiva, pelo método oscilométrico, entre outros. Fatores como a idade já foram relacionados com distúrbios na pressão arterial. O sódio, elemento vital na fisiologia celular de animais, já foi relacionado com o aumento da pressão arterial. Desta forma, este trabalho correlaciona a idade, os valores da pressão arterial sistêmica, sistólica e diastólica, com os níveis séricos de sódio em cães adultos hígidos. Foram estudados 23 cães adultos, hígidos, de ambos os sexos e idade variável, alimentados com ração comercial (standard). As pressões arteriais, sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), e pulso foram aferidas por esfigmomanômetro digital humano. O nível sérico de sódio foi obtido pelo método de reagente enzimático em modo cinético, utilizando kit comercial. Foi realizada a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis. Os valores da PAS, PAD, pulso e sódio sérico, variaram respectivamente de 96 -184mmHg, 53-137mmHg, 64 -135bpm e 120 -157mEq/L. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre as variáveis idade e PAS, idade e PAD, sódio e PAS, e sódio e PAD, enquanto os valores de idade e sódio sérico, demonstraram uma correlação negativa. Nas condições deste estudo conclui-se que há pouca interferência nos valores de pressão arterial, sistólica e diastólica, pela idade e o nível sérico de sódio, em cães adultos hígidos. Palavras-chave: Pressão diastólica, pressão sistólica, pulso, oscilométrico, dosagem de sódio AbstractBlood pressure has received attention in current veterinary clinic and can be measured in a non-invasive way by the oscillometric method, among others. Factors such as age have already been related to disorders on blood pressure. Sodium, vital element in cell physiology of animals, has been reported to increase blood pressure. Thus, this work correlates age, the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, with the serum levels of sodium in healthy adult dogs. We studied 23 adult healthy dogs of both sexes and varying age fed with commercial feed (standard). The arterial pressure, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), and pulse were measured by digital human sphygmomanometer. The level of serum sodium was obtained by the method of enzyme reagent in kinetic mode, using a commercial kit. We performed Pearson correlation between variables. The values of SBP, DBP, pulse and serum sodium varied respectively from 96 -184mmHg, 53 -137mmHg, 64 -135bpm and 120-157mEq/L. We
Background: Cenurosis is a parasitic disease caused by Coenurus cerebralis, an intermediate form of Taenia multiceps multiceps, causing a fatal disease in production animals. Its adult form (Taenia) lodges in the small intestine of canids and can infect several intermediate hosts.Sheep are the main species affected by the disease, having nervous symptoms as one of its manifestations.This study aimed to describe the changes observed in computed tomography, as well as the clinical findings of a case of Cenurosis in a sheep on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul.Case: A ram was referred to the Centro Universitário da Região da Campanha (URCAMP) with neurological signs.Clinical, hematological, radiographic, tomographic and necroscopic evaluation of the animal was performed.There were no significant hematological and radiographic changes.During the neurological examination, corneal opacity was found in the right eyeball, associated with a visual deficit in the same eye.Also, when stimulated to move, it was possible to observe ataxia with ambulation to the left side, with right lateral displacement of the head.The tomography showed a hypodense area of approximately 3 cm at the base of the brain, in the region of the thalamus and third ventricle.Macroscopically, a translucent spherical cyst with approximately 4 cm in diameter was observed, containing the protoescolex/scolices of Taenia multiceps in the same region.Discussion: Computed tomography identified the presence of an apparently circular volume of approximately 4 cm in diameter, causing ventricular dilatation.This evidence of ventricular dilation corroborates aspects described in the literature, which found bilateral dilation of the ventricles by compression promoted by a cyst in the 4th ventricle.As the location of the cyst was located at the base of the brain, in the region of the third ventricle, it would be difficult to perform the surgery in the treatment of this case.Signs of ataxia, walking movements, decreased reflexes, nystagmus, unilateral blindness and lateral decubitus are commonly observed.Reports described that the main neurological alterations observed in 20 sheep with cenurosis were postural deficit, locomotion alteration, visual deficit and behavioral alterations, with more than 50% of the animals showing at least one of these signs.The main neurological signs observed in the case described were changes in gait, with walking, blindness, lateral head deviation and ataxia. These signs guide the clinical diagnosis of cenurosis.At necropsy, a spherical translucent cyst with approximately 4 cm in diameter was observed, containing the protoescolex/scolices of Taenia multiceps, which extended dorsally from the third ventricle to the base of the thalamus, laterally displaced to the right side.Rostrocaudal the lesion extended rostrally across the entire length of the thalamus to the beginning of the caudate nucleus and caudally to the base of the caudal colliculus, causing compression of the adjacent parenchyma, enabling the diagnosis of cenurosis.Similar findings are described as Coenurus cerebralis. This lesion pattern macroscopically characterizes the parasite lesions.Thus, it is concluded that the visualization of a hypodense area in CNS regions of sheep with neurological signs allows the diagnosis of cenurosis and precise location of the lesion.The description of this case adds information so that other professionals in the field can be successful in diagnosing the disease.Keywords: parasitologia, Taenia multiceps multiceps, Coenurus cerebralis, ovelhas, torneio verdadeiro.Descritores: parasitology, Taenia multiceps multiceps, Coenurus cerebralis, sheep, true tournament.Título: Cenurose em ovino com sinais neurológicos - diagnóstico com tomografia computadorizada.
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