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Observations and longitudinal comparisons of emerging trends within formerly socialist East European countries offer a unique opportunity to observe some of the social policies typical of the capitalist and socialist systems and their influence on society. Some of the emerging trends in the Czech Republic, former East Germany, and Russia pertaining to general areas of public health, family, and crime are described. Effects of these changes are discussed within the framework of a recently proposed multiple regression model of criminal behavior in which criminality is attributed to the confluence of gross inequalities in the distribution of wealth and to the disintegration of the traditional family. The changes should be considered in the conduct of research.

This study examined adolescents'aggressiveness in relation to their experiences, beliefs, and attitudes concerning gun use. It also investigated family composition, relationships with parents, and emotionality as correlates of gun involvement and aggressiveness. A self-report questionnaire was given to 334 students, 167 females and 167 males, in a junior high school in upstate New York. Correlation coefficients and regression analyses revealed that males who had more experience with guns reported reacting more violently to frustration and also admitted to having participated in greater numbers of violent incidents. Girls who indicated that they were alienated from and dissatisfied with their mothers felt generally more upset and unhappy, reacted angrily to frustration, and more often expressed aggression toward persons and objects. Both boys and girls whose families owned and used guns tended to believe that gun use had innocuous effects.