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Two field experiments were carried out at Sids Agric. Res. Station, Beni-Suef Governorate, in 2007 and 2008 seasons, to study response of growth, fruiting and yield of the Egyptian cotton cultivar Giza 80 (G. barbadense L.) to foliar application with indole acetic acid (IAA) and Kinetin (a synthetic cytokinin). Besides the control treatment, two concentrations of each of IAA (25 and 50 ppm) and kinetin (10 and 20 ppm) and their combinations were application twice, at the start and peak of flowering stages. Results revealed that, cotton plants treated with various treatments of IAA and/or kinetin showed higher leaves content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophylls than those of untreated ones. However, only some treatments of IAA and/or kinetin significantly increased plant height, numbers of fruiting branches/plant and open bolls/plant in both seasons; number of main stem nodes and seed cotton yield/fad., in 2007 season only; and total fruiting sites/plant and seed index in 2008 season only, but they significantly decreased fruit shedding% and earliness% in 2007 season only. Application 50 ppm IAA alone significantly decreased earliness% in 2007 season, and either alone or with kinetin at both levels gave the highest values of plant growth parameters, but their effects on fruit shedding and yield did not reach the significant level. In general, the most consistently positive effects on plant fruiting and seed cotton yield were given by application 25 ppm IAA alone or 20 ppm kinetin alone or both.

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The study aimed to evaluate certain commercial Egyptian rice cultivars in both seedling and adult stages to blast disease, identify rice blast hot spots at different rice governorates, and identify effective rice blast resistance genes and common physiological races of Pyricularia grisea under field conditions during 1994 to 2007 seasons. Fourteen Egyptian rice cultivars were tested during the period of study. In addition, ten Japanese differential varieties and two international differential varieties evaluated at three locations i.e. Sakha, Gemmiza and Zarzora were included and tested under natural infection at blast nursery tests.As for field resistance, the cultivars Giza 171

This chapter reviews the potential of the human genome project, comparative genomics, functional genomics and proteomics in studying the molecular aspects of human health and diseases in Developing Countries. The uses of DNA technology in the molecular diagnosis of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, of gene targeting in gene therapy for genetic and non-genetic disorders, and of pharmacogenomics in developing new drugs are discussed. Some challenges to biotechnology research and development, and the role of international organizations and multinational companies are described.