Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices about personal protective equipment (PPE) among dental surgery assistants in a Public Sector Teaching Hospital of Multan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among dental surgery assistants in the dental outpatient departments of a public sector hospital of Multan city from Aug to Oct 2019. Pre-structured questionnaire which comprised of socio-demographic data, questions related to knowledge, attitude and practices was used. In the domain of knowledge there were 6 items. Dental assistant who scores ≤4 were considered to have appropriate knowledge for PPE. In the domain of attitude there were 5 items. Dental assistant who scores ≤3 were considered to have positive attitude for PPE. In the domain of practices there were 6 items. Dental assistant who scores ≤4 was considered good practicing of PPE. Results: Of 80 participants, 65 (81.25%) were males and 15 (18.75%) were females. Majority (n=54, 67.5%) of them were between 21-30 years of age. Appropriate knowledge was observed in 77 (96.3%) participants, positive attitude in 53 (66.3%) while, only 8 (10%) participants practiced good PPE. A significant difference was reported in the practices of dental assistants when compared with their knowledge (p-value 0.046) while attitude was found to be insignificant (p-value 0.710). Conclusion:Dental surgery assistants of the renowned public sector teaching hospital of Multan city reported sound and apposite knowledge, moderate attitude while inappropriate practices about PPE.

Aim: Oral complications of diabetes mellitus have an influence on the general health and well-being of the people and demonstrate to be a burden for the dental health sector, predominantly in developing countries. The current study aimed to check the awareness and knowledge of oral health status concerning Type II diabetes mellitus patients at a THQ hospital in Sargodha, Pakistan, and perform an oral examination to evaluate oral health status. Methods: This study was conducted at a THQ hospital in District Sargodha in which 180 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included. Data was documented employing a structured questionnaire which was administered to participants visiting the outpatient department. Results: The average age was documented to be 41.58 ± 8.35 years. It was discerned that 44% of the study participants had adequate oral health awareness; however, 56% had insufficient oral health understanding. The outcomes indicated that 62% had adverse oral health as revealed by their scores on the oral health attitude questionnaire while 38% were noticed to have good oral hygiene. It was also seen that the oral health attitude was strongly correlated with oral health knowledge (P 0.01). Conclusions: The findings of this study signify that Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting district Sargodha have insufficient oral health awareness and reveal undesirable oral health attitudes. Based upon these results, community-oriented oral health promotion programs are essential to steer the lifestyle of diabetic patients. Keywords: Knowledge, dental, Diabetes mellitus, Type II diabetes, Oral health, Oral complications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level and factors influencing the level of patient satisfaction from dental services provided by Multan Dental Hospital. Methods: Study was carried out at Multan Dental hospital from 1st June to 30th July 2015. Total  256 patients over 18 years of age, participated  in  this  cross-sectional  study.  Convenient  sampling  tech- nique was used to  select  the  patients.  The  Hogan  Patient  Satisfaction  Questionnaire  was   customised, personalised and used for this dental patient satisfaction study,  and  response  through  a Likert scale including answer categories very satisfied, satisfied, neutral, not satisfied, not at all satisfied and do not know, was completed by the participants. SPSS software version 17  was  used  for  analysis. The relationship between level of patient satisfaction and the demographic variables was determined, Chi-square test was performed to  establish  the  level  of  patient  satisfaction  and  if  af-  fected by the demographic variables. Results: Total 29.3% patients said that they were very satisfied with the services. About 43.4% partici-  pants were satisfied with the services. Not satisfied with service  were  8.6%.  A  very  low  proportion  (5.9%) of patients were completely dissatisfied with the services. There were 42% males and 30% fe-  males who were satisfied with the services. About 49% of patients having an education between 6-14    years were satisfied from  the  hospital  services  while  only  9%  of  patients  having  higher  education  level were satisfied. The major proportion of  the  patients  showed  satisfaction  from  the  services  of-  fered at the hospital. Conclusion: Majority of the patients were satisfied  with  the  services  regarding  hospital  care,  dental staff provided by Multan Medical and Dental College.

Aim:Patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus havea largerpossibilityofdeveloping oral diseases furthermore; those who have uncontrolled and long-duration of Diabetes Mellitusare also at a greater risk for acquiringperiodontaldisorders. The present study intended to investigate the association of oral fitness knowledge and attitude with different demographic factorsin patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus visiting a secondary care provincial hospitalin Sargodha, Pakistan. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study piloted at a secondary care provincial hospital in District Sargodha which comprised 180 patients suffering from Type II Diabetes Mellitus.Information was collected using a systematized questionnaire which was handed out to study participants visiting the outpatient department of the hospital. Results:Oral health knowledge of the study participants were cross-tabulated with socio-economic and demographic factors and a significant association was seen with gender(P≤0.001), educational status(P≤0.0001), monthly income(P≤0.002), and marital status(P≤0.001). In the present study, 26% of males and 18% of females had adequate knowledge regarding oral health. Advanced levels of learningand income also transpiredto have a strong association with oral health awarenessand attitude(P≤0.01). Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that oral well-being knowledge and attitude among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus were strongly associated in conjunction withgender, higher levels of education, and income. Based on these outcomes, communal-oriented oral well-being campaigns are indispensable to navigating the standard of living of patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Keywords: Dental, Diabetes Mellitus, Knowledge, Oral Health, Oral complications, Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Self-medication can be defined as "the drugs which are used to treat self-diagnosed disorders or indications, or the irregular or continued use of a prescribed drug for persistent or recurrent disease or symptoms." Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was performed to understand the perceptions and practices about self-medication among students admitted to one of medical colleges in Pakistan located in Multan. A structured Questionnaire was distributed to the consenting students. The data were coded, entered and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Out of 95 medical students 47.7% (n=45) were males and 52.3% (n=55) were females. Results: Among participants, self-medication was found in 98% (n=93) cases. Among self-medication respondents, more than 50% treated themselves only once while 32% twice, 12% thrice and only 2.1 % more than thrice. Self-medication was equally common in 3rd year, fourth year and final year medical students. While 24.2% of respondents perceived as a good practice, 42.1% took it as an acceptable practice while33.7% were of opinion that it was a totally unacceptable practice. The study revealed different reasons for self-medication and found that the most common reason was non-seriousness of disease i.e 43.2%, followed by convenience / time factor 42.1%, Cost saving 13.7% and least one was the non-availability of physician 1.1% . Regarding the use of drugs, antibiotics were the most common class used as self-medication 27.4%, followed by anti allergics 23.2%, vitamins 17.9%, pain killers 16.8% and antacids in 14.7 % cases. Conclusion: The study results indicate that Self-medication was common among medical students from clinical classes and most of students treated themselves at least once.