This paper aims to identify and investigate questioning strategies used by teachers in EFL classroom interaction The data were collected by qualitative research in 2015 from a university teacher of STKIP YPUP Makassar by using classroom observation and interview the teachers and students. To analyze the data, the researcher used three key stages by Miles and Huberman (1994) namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings show that the teacher applied questioning-planning strategies, question-controlling strategies, and nomination strategies. There was a new questioning strategy that was found, named endless-questioning strategy. The teacher applied his questioning strategies by asking questions to an individual student, pair students, and the whole class. The teacher mostly applied it to an individual student and the whole class rather than to pair students.

Abstract Exclusive breastfeeding is the initial stage in nutritional intake for children. Problems that occur because the pattern of breastfeeding is not in accordance with the concept of exclusive breastfeeding, such as providing complementary foods with breast milk (MP-ASI) earlier. This paper is a policy article, based on the results of qualitative research with a health ethnographic approach, to determine the factors that influence the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. The research was conducted in Mauya Village (ethnic Banjar) and Marajai Village (ethnic Dayak Meratus), Balangan District, South Kalimantan. The main informants are mothers who have babies 0-6 months (16 people), while the informants who support village midwives (2 people), traditional / community leaders (2 people) and health workers (2 people). Data collection by participant observation, in-depth interviews and unstructured interviews, audio-visual documentation and secondary data search in facilities and health workers. The results show that the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Mauya Village and Marajai Village, Balangan Regency is still low influenced by several factors, namely aspects of maternal and infant health, availability of health care workers and facilities, social, economic, cultural, geographic conditions, access to information media. It can be concluded that there are 3 main factors, namely predisposing, enabling, and driving factors that are interrelated in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. This article recommends that program intervention efforts to overcome the problem of exclusive breastfeeding,it is necessary to carry out comprehensive and integrated intervension both in improving the quality of health service programs, community empowerment and cross-sector cooperation and utilization of local cultural potentials. Abstrak Pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif merupakan tahap awal dalam asupan gizi bagi anak. Permasalahan yang terjadi karena pola pemberian ASI yang tidak sesuai dengan konsep ASI eksklusif, seperti memberikan Makanan Pendamping Air Susu ibu (MP-ASI) lebih dini. Tulisan ini merupakan artikel kebijakan berdasarkan hasil penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi kesehatan, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi rendahnya cakupan ASI eksklusif. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Mauya (etnik Banjar) dan Desa Marajai (dominasi etnik Dayak Meratus), Kabupaten Balangan Kalimantan Selatan. Informan utama adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-6 bulan (16 orang),sedangkan informan pendukung bidan kampung (2 orang), tokoh adat/tokoh masyarakat (2 orang) dan petugas kesehatan (2 orang). Pengumpulan data dengan participant observation, wawancara mendalam dan wawancara tidak terstrukur, dokumentasi audio visual, dan penelusuran data sekunder di fasilitas dan petugas kesehatan. Hasil menunjukkan praktik ASI eksklusif di Desa Mauya dan Desa Marajai Kabupaten Balangan masih rendah dipengaruhi beberapa faktor yaitu aspek kesehatan ibu dan bayi, ketersediaan petugas dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, faktor sosial, ekonomi, budaya, kondisi geografis, akses media informasi. Dapat disimpulkan ada tiga faktor utama yakni faktor predisposisi, pemungkin, dan pendorong yang saling terkait dalam praktik ASI eksklusif. Artikel ini merekomendasikan upaya intervensi program untuk mengatasi permasalahan ASI eksklusif dilakukan secara menyeluruh, komprehensif dan terintegrasi baik pada peningkatan kualitas program pelayanan kesehatan, pemberdayaan masyarakat dan kerjasama lintas sektor serta pemanfaatan potensi budaya lokal.

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Information about proactive motivation (PM) is important to hospital manager to predict the Job crafting (JC) behavior of hospital staff. High JC may lead to employee satisfaction and employee engagement at organization. Furthermore, it can improve staff performance and support the achievement of organizational goals. Individuals with proactive personalities are also most likely to change their work environment proactively. Motivation proactive can be generated by self efficacy and motivation internal. The purpose of this research was to analyze the ability of PM to stimulate JC behavior of hospital staff. This study was a cross sectional study. One hundred fifty five (155) staff was selected from 641 population in three (3) hospitals in Mamuju Regency. Data was analyzed by linear regression analysis. The research shows that 89 % of sample had good PM and based on profession, more medical doctors had good PM than nurses. The bivariate analysis of PM and JC found that the p. value was 0,000 less than ⍶-value 0,05. It means that statistically, PM influenced the JC. Proactive motivation affects job crafting by 16.2%. When the hospital staff have high PM then the JC can be generated. The hospital manager should create working environment to foster PM among staff. Motivasi proaktif (MP) merupakan antesedent terciptanya Job crafting (JC) bagi petugas RS. JC yang tinggi dapat mengarah pada kepuasan karyawan dan keterlibatan karyawan di organisasi. Selanjutnya dapat meningkatkan kinerja staf dan mendukung pencapaian tujuan organisasi. Individu dengan kepribadian proaktif juga cenderung mengubah lingkungan kerja mereka secara proaktif. Motivasi proaktif dapat dihasilkan oleh efikasi diri dan motivasi internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh MP terhadap JC. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah 614 petugas RS di Mamuju district yaitu RSUD Kab. Mamuju, RS Bhayangkara Polda Sulbar dan RS Mitra Manakarra. jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 155 orang. Pengaruh motivasi proaktif terhadap job crafting dianalisis dengan analisis regresi linier. Penelitian menunjukkan 89% Sampel memiliki MP yang baik. Analisis regresi MP ke JC menunjukkan bahwa nilai p adalah 0,000, lebih kecil dari nilai ⍶ 0,05. Ini berarti bahwa secara statistik, MP mempengaruhi JC. Motivasi proaktif mempengaruhi kerajinan kerja sebesar 16,2%. Semakin tinggi motivasi proaktif petugas maka akan semakin tinggi pula job crafting yang dimilikinya. Manajer rumah sakit harus menciptakan lingkungan kerja untuk mendorong motivasi proaktif di antara staf.

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