Background: By the end of university, the proportion of medical students with chronic diseases usually increases while physical activity and fitness decrease. Objective: To assess physical development of final-year medical university students and clinical residents. Materials and methods: We have assessed physical health of 16 final-year medical students and 14 first-year medical residents (20.0 % and 25.0 % of the sample population in 2019–2022, respectively). We measured body height, weight, chest circumference, leading hand force, lung capacity, hemodynamic parameters at rest, after exercise and recovery and the mean dynamic pressure in all study participants. We also estimated Quetelet, Pignet, and Robinson indices and those of force, vitality, endurance, and functional changes. In addition, we assessed living conditions, nutrition, and daily energy expenditures of the young people. Results: We established that, under conditions of an organized team, a regulated mode of learning and a high calorie intake, two students (12.5 %) were overweight while the number of overweight residents was six (42.9 %), which was probably related to changes in the lifestyle, nutrition, and daily routine. Estimation of the body mass index showed that 10 (62.5 %) students and 11 (78.6 %) residents were overweight and obese. A more positive body build index among the residents was attributed to a higher number of overweight subjects and confirmed by strength and vital indices and chest circumference measurements. We revealed more considerable preclinical shifts in the health status of the residents in terms of the functional state of the cardiovascular system (diastolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise, heart rate and diastolic blood pressure after exercise, mean dynamic pressure after a period of rest, endurance coefficient, Robinson index) and the index of functional changes. Conclusions: Changes in the synergistic factors of learning and lifestyle of medical residents at the beginning of their professional career cause more significant preclinical alterations in the body compared with students, which necessitates raising their awareness of a healthy lifestyle.

The purpose of the study was to assess the metabolic status of the body when correcting the diet with a concentrated natural product. Materials and methods. The diet of athletes was analyzed. The leading group (n = 15) received concentrated food products (CNP) for 20 days: No. 1 - 30.0 g and No. 2 - 20 g each. Blood indices including (total protein, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, amylase) were assessed metabolic status: taken before, after, and in one month of taking CNP Results. The diet’s calorie content was 5953.2-6494.4 kcal/day in the main and the comparison group corresponding to this cohort’s physiological need. The proportions of protein and fat exceeded the recommended ones; deficiency of carbohydrates accounted for 8.7%. The inclusion of CNP increased the ratio of slow carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and minor food components. In the leading group, the increase in urea and uric acid was less significant in terms of average indices, and the proportion of such people increased. Creatinine was significantly higher than baseline within one month after CNP administration. The increase in the proportion of people with increased total cholesterol is 2.9 times less; the share with a borderline high level decreased by 15.5%, in the comparison group, it increased by 5.6%. The proportion with low-density lipoproteins exceeding the reference value decreased from 61.5% to 30.0% in the comparison group - without dynamics (55.6%) and signs of dyslipidemia increased. In the main group, within the normal range, 76.9% of individuals had an increase in glucose, amylase by 5.7% (p = 0.049). Conclusion. The diet is not macronutrient balanced. The use of CNP affected the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It proved a more adequate energy supply for the activities of the persons of the main group. There has been shown the possibility of correcting the body’s metabolic processes with food products that reduces the risk of developing prenosological conditions during physical exertion, particularly fatigue and cardiovascular pathology.

Introduction: Current school teaching methods including distance learning may have adverse health effects in children. Objective: To assess health effects of online education in students of comprehensive secondary schools and gymnasiums. Materials and methods: We developed a questionnaire to establish the impact of distance learning on the functional state and health of students comprising three sections: educational activities, daily routine and self-rated health. In May 2020, 3,026 fifth to ninth-year students from eight comprehensive schools and five gymnasiums of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, including 1,430 boys and 1,596 girls, filled out the questionnaire and their answers were then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 5.1. Results: Distance learning included online and offline classes (70.7 % in total) and self-study assignments, the latter being more common in the comprehensive schools than in the gymnasiums. The majority of the respondents from the schools (73.4 %) and gymnasiums (67.0 %) noted a greater amount of homework during e-learning compared to offline education. They also reported less time spent outdoors and much more passive leisure. Complaints of increased back and wrist pain and headaches were more frequent in the students of comprehensive secondary schools. Conclusions: Our findings show that distance learning changed the way of life of all the children surveyed. We observed an increased screen time, the prevalence of static activities, and the development of musculoskeletal and eye disorders. The comprehensive school students noted more negative consequences of online learning compared to their peers studying in the gymnasiums.