Society's attitude to investments in human beings changed due to the ideas contained in the theory of human capital. Nowadays it is proved – these investments provide a production effect, the benefits for the individual and the benefits to the government. We can say that investments in the education today become tomorrow a competitive advantage. Therefore the well-being and sustainable economic development of nations depend on the human capital. That is why the paper considers human well-being and its key factors, the relationship between the human well-being and human capital, and criteria for estimation of investment efficiency in education. The quantitative analysis was carried out using dependencies between education and wages, graduates’ wages and their profession, education and unemployment. Non-monetary income from educational investments is shown in this paper. A conclusion is made about the benefits from educational investments and their impact on human well-being. It is proposed to pursue a special policy in the field of development of human resources and investments in the human capital

The paper discloses the sociocultural nature of language and its inextricable connection with the mentality. It has been proved that during the processes of intersubjectivity through the attachment to other languages, the native language is preserved as a basic one that allows providing the growth of its diversity and uniqueness under conditions of the enhancing unification of the social sphere of life

The article is devoted to discussion of topical issues relating to such an important challenge as the decline in family support for older people (on the example of Russia). It is well known that the modern family is changing, and relationships within the family are also changing, so that attitude to the family support for older people and an adequacy of such support are shifted. In particular, the presented research tries to answer one of the crucial question: is family support for older people in developing and transitional societies really breaking down? There are many foreign scientific publications devoted to the family support in developing and transitional countries, however, Russia is not mentioned. In spite of the fact that this problem is almost not being discussed not only at a worldwide level but in Russia as well, it is still rather relevant because all abovementioned tendencies are observed in Russia against the background of a steady growth of the specific weight of older people groups in the general population. Therefore, within the given article, the answer to the posed question will be given in relation to Russia. The key conclusion is that the family support for older people in developing and transitional societies has not vanished, and adult children support their parents as before, however when they really need it. In other words, the level of support depends on the level of need.

Today there is a growing trend of aging population in the whole world, which occurs due to the reduction of fertility in developed countries and to increase life expectancy. By 2050 more than a quarter of the world population will be aging people. Therefore, this research is devoted to discussion of topical issues relating to such an important challenge as the influence of financial resources on our later live. There are a lot of different indicators that show economic wellbeing of old adults. But the studies often do not allow comparing the Russian data and results with data and results from other countries because of the great differences in methodology. It was found, that physical, psychological, and material wellbeing in old age depend more on how we use our financial resources in the prime of our life.

Abstract. Households (as any other rational investors) will make investments in the higher education sphere only in case of being sure that in future invested money will generate a significant money flow at a low risk level. It is important that capital investment should bring return at the rate commensurable with profitability of other assets and time of their expenditure cover should not exceed the horizon, acceptable for the investor. In this article, indices of net present value (NVP) and a period of payback (PB) in the empirical case format are discussed in detail. A conclusion is made by empirical analysis about economic effectiveness of household investments in the higher education sphere and as a result, in personal human capital. The empiric case, presented in this article, revealed considerable private economic benefits from higher education.