The aim: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources on the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in cats. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open-source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V.I. Vernadsky (1981–2007). Results. Chronic kidney disease is a common reason for cat owners to go to veterinary clinics. The term “chronic kidney disease” has a broader meaning than the more limited and not very specific name – chronic renal failure; it is also used to indicate the preazotemic stage of the disease. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the clinical condition of animals due to progressive decline in renal function. An idea of the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in the period from 1981 to 2007 is presented. Conclusions. According to the results of retrospective analysis of literature sources for the period from 1981 to 2007, the basis was identified aspects of the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in domestic cats, which have not lost relevance today. The main link during chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of hyperazotemia and, as a consequence, endogenous intoxication of the body, which develops gradually and leads to the death of the animal. The morphological basis of chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of diffuse nephrosclerosis, which is reflected in the results of clinical, biochemical and instrumental studies. According to biochemical analysis of blood, in cats recorded an increase in urea and creatinine, the results of clinical studies of urine showed a decrease in its relative density, as well as the development of proteinuria, the appearance of erythrocytes and cylinders. According to the results of hematological research, anemic syndrome develops due to decreased erythropoietin synthesis. With age in cats, ultrasound examination of the kidneys reveals a decrease in their volume due to uniform sclerosis of the parenchyma: it is determined by its thinning and increased echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. Its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined

Correction of sexual function in animals is a topical issue today, despite a large amount of scientific data on this problem. The study aimed to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of hormonal veterinary drugs in cats and dogs of different breeds and genders. Veterinary drugs with the active substance megestrol acetate were used in the experiments. The studies were performed on clinically healthy cats and dogs of both sexes, different breeds, and ages vaccinated against infectious diseases and treated with antiparasitic drugs. The study was conducted according to the current regulatory documentation. It has been found that the use of hormonal drugs to interrupt/delay estrus in female cats at a dose of 5 mg of megestrol acetate for 8 days leads to a significant decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone, and the content of luteinizing hormone in the blood of cats in the experimental groups reliably decreased throughout the experiment. The use of contraceptives based on megestrol acetate in doses of 2.5 mg for 14 days for cats leads to a reliable decrease in the concentration of testosterone in the serum. It was found that the use of experimental hormonal drugs for female dogs in doses of 5 mg of megestrol acetate per 2.5 kg of body weight in the first 3 days, and half the daily dose from the 4th to the 10th day, leads to a reliable decrease in concentrations of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones in serum compared to the control. Oral administration of experimental hormonal drugs to male dogs in doses of 5 mg of megestrol acetate per 2.5 kg of body weight for 8 days, led to a reliable decrease in the concentration of testosterone in the serum of males. It was found that the estrous cycle in female cats and dogs of the experimental groups after the cessation of hormonal drugs was completely restored, which indicates the safety of drugs with an active ingredient megestrol acetate

The aim: to determine the parameters of acute toxicity of the preparative form of an antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine for white mice, white rats and guinea pigs with a single oral administration. Materials and methods. Determination of acute toxicity of the formulation by oral administration was performed on 48 adult male mice, 48 adult nonlinear male rats, 48 adult male guinea pigs. To conduct an experiment on the principle analogues were formed seven experimental and one control group, 6 animal each. The dose of the formulation was calculated individually based on body weight values. It should be noted that the total volume of the emulsion of the formulation administered orally is not exceeded 1.0 cm3per 100 gram b. w. Results. Toxicometric parameters of the formulation were calculated by the method of least squares for probit analysis of mortality curves. It was found that the LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for white mice for a single oral administration is 238.05±28.08 mg/kg, LD16 – 128.71 mg/kg, LD84 – 347.39 mg/kg, LD100 - 402, 06 mg/kg body weight, respectively. LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for white rats with a single oral administration is 260.51±28.83 mg/kg, LD16 – 148.39 mg/kg, LD84 – 372.65 mg/kg, LD100 – 428.71 mg/kg body weight, respectively. LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for guinea pigs for a single oral administration is 275±21.12 mg/kg, LD16 – 201.74 mg/kg, LD84 – 348.25 mg/kg, LD100 – 384.88 mg/kg body weight body respectively. Conclusions. According to SOU 85.2-37-736: 2011 "Veterinary drugs. Determination of acute toxicity” preparative form of a complex antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on the degree of toxicity can be attributed to moderately dangerous substances (3rd hazard class)

The aim: the aim of the research is an analytical review of the scientific literature on Рseudomonas aeruginosa as a priority group representative of bacteria with multiple antibiotics resistance. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V. I. Vernadsky and others. Results. The problem of antibiotic resistance is rightly called the “apocalypse of the XXI century”. P. aeruginosa bacteria are characterized by a very high natural ability to form resistant forms to antimicrobial drugs due to the formation of specific resistance genes, the ability to resist the entry of antibiotics into the cell or remove antibiotics from the cell, and form biofilms. A characteristic feature of the epidemic and epizootic processes of P. aeruginosa, as an opportunistic ubiquitous microorganism is host-pathogenic interaction - the interaction of the pathogen with the host organism. The peculiarity of this bacterium is opportunism and long-term persistence in the body of the host and in the environment. The global trend towards the spread of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, underscores the need to develop comprehensive response strategies targeting all sectors of health. Conclusions. Bacteria P. aeruginosa is classified in 1th Critical Group of the WHO list of resistant to antibiotics "priority pathogens". Among the main reasons that contribute to the emergence of resistance are irrational antibiotic therapy in both humans and animals, and the use of antibiotics as growth stimulants in animal husbandry. While more R&D is vital, alone, it cannot solve the problem. To address resistance, there must also be better prevention of infections and appropriate use of existing antibiotics in humans and animals, as well as rational use of any new antibiotics that are developed in future. New methods of combating antibiotic resistance and antibacterial substances, alternatives to antibiotics (biofilm-destroying drugs, antimicrobial peptides (AMP), bacteriophages, nanopreparations, etc.) can make a positive contribution to overcoming the multiple drug resistance of gram-negatives

The aim: to analyze the literature data for the period from 1984 to 2010 on the use of biochemical markers of disorders of connective tissue metabolism in diseases of the respiratory system in humans and animals. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V.I. Vernadsky (1984–2010). Results. In the case of diseases of the respiratory system in humans, the pathogenesis of pneumonia is the development of inflammation in the interstitial, peribronchial, perivascular and perilobular connective tissue, lymphatic vessels of the lungs, followed by involvement of alveoli and bronchioles in the inflammation. The morphological basis of these changes may be pneumofibrosis and pneumosclerotic changes. In the chronic course of pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develops. This pathology is closely related to the action of inflammatory cytokines that regulate connective tissue proliferation. Similar studies were performed on eosinophilic bronchopneumonia in dogs, but the material for the study was bronchoalveolar lavage. The current method of diagnosing respiratory diseases using cytokines (interleukin-4, interferon-γ) and bronchoalveolar lavage has no diagnostic information in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma in cats. Fundamental studies of connective tissue biopolymers in clinically healthy and bronchopneumonia piglets have recently been conducted in veterinary medicine. Conclusions. Recently, in medicine of particular interest to researchers is the determination of the content in biological fluids of indicators of connective tissue metabolism (hydroxyproline, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, sialic acids) to diagnose diseases of the respiratory system. To diagnose connective tissue disorders in lung diseases in medical practice use indicators of oxyproline in serum and urine. Oxyproline is one of the most important components of lung collagen. An increase in the content of free oxyproline in the blood indicates an increased rate of collagen breakdown in the lung tissue. Analysis of oxyproline fractions, as indicators of the direction of collagen metabolism, allows to assess the condition of the connective tissue of the lungs and can serve as a prognostic criterion for the course of the disease. Thus, the indicators of connective tissue metabolism showed significant diagnostic information, which allowed to recommend them for use in the practice of veterinary medicine.