No abstract

Digitalization of the economy and the fourth industrial revolution are accompanied by the blurring of the boundaries between physical, digital and biological technologies. At the same time, one of the key tasks is to create fundamentally new jobs and develop human capital as a key competitive advantage of countries that embody such economic transformations. The requirements for qualification in production vary significantly depending on the degree of digitalization and the level of development of circular principles. The introduction of any new technology means that employees will face certain challenges that create additional requirements for their skills and competencies. With regard to the human resources, our study of this issue reveals the trends in digitalization and robotization of production, generating the reduction of jobs, stagnation of wages and the growth of wage inequality on the one hand, and on the other, creating fundamentally new popular and highly paid professions. The paper is devoted to the study of the role and place of a man in the development of modern robotic production, as well as the transformation of professional competencies and requirements on the basis of flexible interaction of virtual and physical production systems that provide full adaptation of products and form new operating models. The analysis of the scale and dynamics of robotic reproduction as a key factor of such changes is carried out. Problems and prospects of industrial and service robots application are considered. The new knowledge about the role of the man in the management of modern intellectual systems is obtained. It has been concluded that the transformation of human capital and its adaptation to the challenges of digitalization and robotization of the economy remain unresolved, associated with the need to change the level of qualification and the digital competence development. The solution of investigated problems will be facilitated by an active impact on the labour market, lifelong learning based on more flexible educational systems, and additional income support.

Digitalization of an enterprise is necessary to increase the efficiency and sustainability of its functioning through dramatic changes in the quality of management, both technological processes and decision-making processes at all levels of management, based on modern methods of production and further use of information about the state and prediction of possible changes in managed elements and subsystems. For the purposes of designing a digital transformation of an enterprise, it is necessary to develop a classification of digital technologies according to the criterion of accessibility and expediency of their implementation in the enterprise. Thus, key digital technologies are grouped into three groups: basic technologies are technologies without which digital transformation of an enterprise is impossible (cloud technologies, wireless technologies, paperless technologies, etc.); critical technologies are technologies that provide a complete digital transformation of the enterprise (big data, cloud computing, unmanned technologies, etc.); breakthrough technologies - technologies that realize the transition from “analog” to a digital enterprise (artificial intelligence, neural networks, distributed data registry, machine learning, etc.)

To confront global challenges in the field of environmental security, humanity needs reproduction chains of a new type that correspond to the models of the green economy and the principles of sustainable development. The most relevant concept that meets these conditions is a circular economy. A new round of industrial development provides additional opportunities to introduce principles of circular reproduction. The proliferation of robots and the introduction of artificial intelligence systems will facilitate the implementation of circular innovations. The purpose of the paper is a study of current trends in the transformation of global value chains based on the symbiosis of virtual and physical production systems which form new operating models and contribute to sustainable economic growth. The research methodology includes general scientific methods of cognition, systemic and situational approaches, methods of structural and functional analysis, empirical generalization and comparison, as well as tabular and graphical methods of visualization of statistical and calculated data. The main results of the study are to gain new knowledge about the role of interaction between digital and physical spaces in ensuring the achievement of goals of sustainable development and the implementation of principles of circular reproduction. Studying robotic circular reproduction will increase the relevance of the concepts of a green economy and circular reproduction, which will promote effective implementation of the above concepts in the Russian Federation.

Аннотация. Статья посвящена исследованию основных тенденций развития сегмента электронной коммерции в России. Отмечается, что цифровые инструменты активно внедряются во все сферы экономики и общества, что необратимо влечет за собой появление новых форматов деятельности, одним из которых и является электронная коммерция. В статье приведена типологизация электронной коммерции с точки зрения субъектно-объектного взаимодействия. Выделены факторы развития данного сегмента, продуцируемые поставщиками и потребителями. Исследование российского рынка электронной коммерции показало, что в стране продолжается активное формирование локальной системы розничной интернет-торговли, интегрируемой в глобальную систему электронной коммерции. Объем российского рынка интернет-продаж в 2011-2020 гг. стабильно увеличивается, показывая максимальные темпы роста в 2018 и 2020 гг. Установлено, что такая динамика обусловлена влиянием пандемии COVID-19, которая предоставила новые возможности и дополнительные «окна» роста для сектора электронной коммерции в целом. Проанализированы ключевые характеристики российского сектора электронной коммерции. Среди них: состав российского рынка интернетторговли, использование сервисов онлайн-платежей населением разных возрастных групп, а также самые посещаемых российские сайты электронной торговли с выделением их объемов продаж, числа заказов и среднего чека. Рассмотрен прогноз изменения объема интернет-продаж под влиянием пандемии исследовательского агентства DataInsight, в соответствии с чем перечислены факторы, которые окажут влияние на дополнительный рост рынка электронной коммерции в 2020-2024 годах. В заключении обозначены перспективные направления развития электронной коммерции: развитие персональных мобильных приложений для торговых площадок; создание сервисов, облегчающих работу с бумажными носителями; использование QR-кодов; обязательная маркировка; создание CITISE http://ma123.ru ЦИТИСЭ №2 (28) 2021