Surface roughness of ABS material on FDM process due to different orientation angle and layer thickness are investigated using an experimental method. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of orientation angle and layer thickness on surface roughness on 3-dimension FDM printing on ABS material. A rectangle model with 60 mm length,10 mm in width, and 10 mm in height is used in this research. The orientation angle of model is 30, 45, and 60 degrees in layer thickness of 0.15 mm and 0.25 mm. The results indicates that the different orientation angle of the layer thickness causes the roughness value of the printed surface. The roughness surface value increases along with increasing of the orientation angle. The highest surface roughness value occurs at 60 degrees orientation angle in 0.15 mm layer thickness.

This study aims to determine the impact strength of the Fused Deposition Material (FDM) additive manufacturing with the parameters in different layer thicknesses between 0.10 – 0.30 mm. The specimen manufacturing process refers to ASTM D256 Standards with ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and PLA (polylactic acid) materials. Based on the test results, ABS specimens with a layer thickness of 0.10 mm had the largest impact strength with 0.078 J/mm2, while the smallest impact strength was found in PLA specimens with a layer thickness of 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm with an impact strength of 0.047 J/mm2. The value of impact strength on ABS and PLA materials varies with each layer thickness change.

Natural fiber materials are the sustainable sources used for future automotive elements, where the centrifugal clutch utilizes the frictional force on the clutch pads to transfer kinetic energy from the rotating crankshaft to the transmission and the wheels. These pads are produced from several natural composites, such as coconut fiber, as well as wood and shellfish powder, whose characteristics are being investigated for hardness, microstructure, and wear properties. Based on this study, performance analysis was carried out on the samples of composite centrifugal clutch applied to automatic motorcycles. As a comparison, subsequent analysis was conducted on the genuine clutch pad materials, where the results showed differences in the characteristics of each mixture composition of the natural fiber composites. This indicated that the addition of wood powder composition to the clutch pad increased the hardness and special wear values by an average of approximately 12.9 and 1.16%, respectively. Furthermore, the composite content was observed in the microstructure, as the maximum power and torque on the natural fiber materials were 10.7 hp and 17.17 N.m, respectively. The value was found to be closely similar to the genuine parts with maximum power and torque of 10.8 hp and 16.02 N.m, respectively.