Media pembelajaran adalah suatu alat atau benda yang dapat digunakan untuk perantara menyalurkan isi pelajaran atau materi yang disampaikan agar peserta didik mudah untuk memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh guru. Hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan sebelum melakukan penelitian menunjukkan kegiatan belajar masih menggunakan buku kurikulum 2013, media pembelajaran masih minim digunakan mengakibatkan siswa kurang menyukai mata pelajaran IPS yang berdampak pada kemampuan literasi membaca siswa kurang. Penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD 1 Gribig yang berjumlah 31 siswa. Hasil validasi diperoleh validator media dengan nilai 52 kategori sangat valid, validator Bahasa dengan nilai 38 kategori sangat valid dan validator materi dengan nilai 45 sangat valid. Hasil nilai preetest dan posttest diuji menggunakan nilai N-gain. Hasil nilai N-gain yaitu 0,6134 dengan kategori sedang artinya buku cerita IPS berbasis kearifan lokal cukup efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi membaca siswa kelas IV.

Lactate is a metabolite produced during anaerobic glycolysis for ATP resynthesis, which accumulates during hypoxia and muscle contraction. Tobacco smoking significantly increases blood lactate. Here we conducted a counter-balanced crossover study to examine whether this effect is associated with inhaling nicotine or burned carbon particles. Fifteen male smokers (aged 23 to 26 years) were randomized into 3 inhalation conditions: tobacco smoking, nicotine vaping, and nicotine-free vaping, conducted two days apart. An electronic thermal evaporator (e-cigarette) was used for vaping. We have observed an increased blood lactate (+62%, main effect: p < 0.01) and a decreased blood glucose (−12%, main effect: p < 0.05) during thermal air inhalations regardless of the content delivered. Exercise-induced lactate accumulation and shuttle run performance were similar for the 3 inhalation conditions. Tobacco smoking slightly increased the resting heart rate above the two vaping conditions (p < 0.05), implicating the role of burned carbon particles on sympathetic stimulation, independent of nicotine and thermal air. The exercise response in the heart rate was similar for the 3 conditions. The results of the study suggest that acute hypoxia was induced by breathing thermal air. This may explain the reciprocal increases in lactate and decreases in glucose. The impaired lung function in oxygen delivery of tobacco smoking is unrelated to nicotine.

This research was conducted in order of knowing the characteristics, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the Mathematics learning media with animation using augmented reality media applications for 5th-grade elementary school students. The results of observations and interviews conducted before undertaking the research showed that learning activities still used conventional books and the media used for teaching is relatively minimum so Mathematics learning is less effective. The research used the “Research and Development” (R&D) method by adopting ADDIE in its stages. ADDIE stands for Analyst, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The trial in this study was conducted at SDN Sanggrahan 02, Kranggan District, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, with a total of 25 students. The validity test in this study was carried out by giving a questionnaire to the experts regarding the learning media that had been developed. The validation results obtained media validators with the 109 value which is the most valid category, meanwhile, the validator material reached the 68 value which remains the most valid category. The results of the pre-test and post-test scores were tested using an N-gain value of 62,4 with the highest category,it means that augmented reality-based Mathematics media was very effectively used to improve the spatial reasoning of fifth-grade elementary school students. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Spatial reasoning, Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of learning in sub-theme 1 of the cultural diversity of my people using the Problem Based Learning model assisted by media images and using audio media learning based on learning styles on student learning outcomes. This research is a factorial design research. The sample in this study were fourth grade students at SD Negeri 67 Buton and fourth grade students at SD Negeri 39 Buton with a total of 59 students. The results showed 1) learning in sub-theme 1 of the cultural diversity of my people used the problem-based learning model assisted by media images based on learning styles on student learning outcomes effectively carried out in experimental class 1 with a visual learning style, 2) learning in sub-theme 1 of the cultural diversity of my people used the problem model based learning assisted by audio media based on learning styles on student learning outcomes is effectively carried out in experimental class 2 with auditory learning styles, 3) sub-theme 1 learning of cultural diversity of my nation class IV elementary school using problem based learning assisted by media images is better than problem based learning models audio-assisted media. Keywords: problem based learning models, image media, audio media, learning styles, learning outcomes

Students with academic performance and soft skills should be concerned with the learning process because it is a learning achievement. This research aims to find the factors affecting academic performance and soft skills. In this pandemic, learning is done online, so interaction between students and lecturers becomes limited. The quantitative data are collected by distributing the questionnaires. The population of this study is 2nd-semester students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), who use online learning from the beginning of the lecture. The population were 900 students, with a sample of 276 students. Data were tabulated and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results showed that cognitive presence, teaching presence, and social presence positively and significantly (57.9%) affect students' academic performance, and 49.1% affect students' soft skills. The order of factors that most affect academic performance is teaching presence (41.4%), social presence (31.1%), and cognitive presence (11.7%) whereas the order of factors that most affect soft skills is social presence (48.9%), cognitive presence (11.7%), and teaching presence (11.1%). It means that the Community of Inquiry (CoI) theory can explain the magnitude of the factors on academic performance and soft skills in the good category. It is suggested that the related parties to support students to achieve better academic performance and soft skills.