Two unusual pyridine alkaloids, 7'-multijuguinone (1) and 12'-hydroxy-7'-multijuguinone (2), were isolated from the leaves of Senna multijuga, together with the known flavonoid rutin. The structures of the new alkaloids were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, in comparison with the standard compound physostigmine.

ABSTRACT:The chemical composition of volatile oils from two Myrtaceae species, Myrceugenia myrcioides and Eugenia riedeliana, both native from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest, was analyzed by GC-MS. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was colorimetrically evaluated for these oils. For M. myrcioides, monoterpene hydrocarbons represented the major class in the volatile oil, with α-pinene as the most abundant component and a weak inhibitory activity was observed, whilst for E. riedeliana sesquiterpenes were found in higher amounts, being valerianol the major compound, and this oil presented a strong acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

ABSTRACT:Crude extracts from 17 plant species collected from an Atlantic Forest region in the State of São Paulo (Brazil) have been screened for antifungal, DNA-damaging and acetylcholinesterase inhibiting activities. Of the 34 extracts obtained from leaves and stems of plants assayed for antifungal activity with Cladosporium sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides 26.5% were active. However, only the extract of leaves of Cabralea canjerana showed a strong inhibition of both fungi. The DNA-damaging assay with mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in 11.7 % of the extracts being active whereas 100% of them showed selectivity for the DNA-repair mechanism of topoisomerase II. Of the 17 species analysed, 12 showed anticholinesterasic activity in TLC assay. However, only extracts from Tetrastylidium grandifolium (stems) and Sloanea guianensis (leaves and stems) inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity more than 50% in quantitative assay.

rESuMEN la publicidad utiliza imágenes corporales fuertemente estereotipadas para promocionar cánones físicos y conductas alimentarias no saludables asociadas a productos de alimentación dirigidos sobre todo a jóvenes. el objetivo de este estudio, realizado en Barcelona (españa) durante el mes de mayo de 2013, es testear la percepción de 25 valores en siete spots televisivos de alimentación (con y sin estrategias de imagen corporal) en 139 jóvenes con y sin trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (tcA). los resultados muestran que solo el grupo de jóvenes con tcA considera que los spots con una estrategia comercial basada en la imagen corporal influyen muy negativamente en valores como salud, bienestar, familia y esfuerzo. en cambio, se ha observado una gran coincidencia entre los dos grupos cuando se evalúa el resto de los spots. estos resultados señalan que los jóvenes universitarios españoles de hoy han aceptado como normal un canon de belleza basado en el orden social y económico, mientras que los jóvenes en tratamiento por desórdenes alimenticios sí han aprendido a decodificar este tipo de mensajes.

Topical nasal solution of the aqueous extract of L. operculata is effective compared to the application of saline solution for the treatment of bacterial rhinosinusitis in an experimental model. L. operculata determined in vitro inhibition of growth of S. pyogenes.