The aim of this review is to comment on the available data about germination of seeds from herb, shrub and tree species of the Cerrado after the publication of the review written by Felippe and Silva in 1984. Studies on seed germination of herbaceous species focused mainly on the responses of seeds to light, different ranges of temperature and storage in the soil. The majority of seeds from herb species germinate between 20°C and 30°C, and are photoblastic. Alternate temperatures favored germination in some seeds, but changed light sensitivity of the achenes of Bidens gardneri. Seeds of most of the shrub species of Melastomataceae are positive photoblastic; among the Velloziaceae, germination in the dark was observed in some species. Other shrub species show dormancy caused by impermeability of the seed tegument, as described for seeds of some species of Bauhinia. Their dormancy is broken by chemical scarification using sulphuric acid. Seeds of Heteropterys pteropetala are sensitive to very high temperatures, similar to those registered during burnings. Some species were considered to have allelopathic effects and could inhibit the germination of seeds of other species and the establishment of plantlets. Seeds of most tree species do not require light to germinate and the focus of the studies were on methods of dormancy breaking. Sulphuric acid and incisions in the tegument proved to be the most efficient methods to break dormancy. In general, the studies are limited to three major aspects: responses to light, effects of different temperatures and dormancy breaking. More studies are necessary to understand the physiological and biochemical aspects of reserve compounds and their mobilization during germination, as well as the effects of fire in these seeds. Key words: dormancy, photoblastism, soil seed bank, temperature Germinação de sementes de espécies de Cerrado: O objetivo desta revisão é comentar dados disponíveis sobre a germinação de sementes de espécies herbáceas, arbustivas e arbóreas do Cerrado, desde a publicação da revisão feita por Felippe e Silva na década de 1980. Estudos de germinação de sementes de espécies herbáceas do Cerrado enfatizam as respostas das sementes à luz, temperatura e armazenamento no solo. A maioria dessas sementes germina entre 20ºC e 30ºC e são fotoblásticas. Temperaturas alternadas nem sempre favoreceram a germinação das sementes, no entanto, alteraram a sensibilidade à luz em aquênios de Bidens gardneri. A maioria das sementes das espécies arbustivas de Melastomataceae estudadas apresentaram fotoblastismo positivo; entre as Velloziaceae, foi observada germinação no escuro em algumas espécies. Sementes de algumas espécies arbustivas possuem dormência causada pela impermeabilidade do tegumento, quebrada com imersão em ácido sulfúrico, como no gênero Bauhinia. Sementes de Heteropterys pteropetala são sensíveis a temperaturas altas, similares àquelas registradas durante as queimadas. Plantas de algumas espécies têm efeitos alelopáticos e podem inibir a germinação de sementes de o...
-(Germination of seeds of Melastomataceae species from the Cerrado under controlled light and temperature). The aim of this study was to investigate the germination of seeds of Miconia albicans, M. langosdorffii, M. rubiginosa, M. stenostachya, Schizocetron elegans and Tibouchina gracilis that occur in Cerrado areas. The seeds were exposed daily to light during 0, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 180 min, 360 min, 720 min and 1.440 min at 25 ºC. Com relação à temperatura, a germinação das sementes ocorreu preferencialmente entre 20 e 30 ºC e na temperatura alternada. Germinação na luz e na faixa de temperatura entre 20 ºC e 30 ºC são características que contribuem para o sucesso do estabelecimento das Melastomataceae de regiões de cerrado. Ali, elas permanecem por longos períodos no banco de sementes do solo e podem germinar quando recebem luz, mesmo por períodos curtos, apesar das variações diurnas de temperatura.
ABSTRACT:Crude extracts from 17 plant species collected from an Atlantic Forest region in the State of São Paulo (Brazil) have been screened for antifungal, DNA-damaging and acetylcholinesterase inhibiting activities. Of the 34 extracts obtained from leaves and stems of plants assayed for antifungal activity with Cladosporium sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides 26.5% were active. However, only the extract of leaves of Cabralea canjerana showed a strong inhibition of both fungi. The DNA-damaging assay with mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in 11.7 % of the extracts being active whereas 100% of them showed selectivity for the DNA-repair mechanism of topoisomerase II. Of the 17 species analysed, 12 showed anticholinesterasic activity in TLC assay. However, only extracts from Tetrastylidium grandifolium (stems) and Sloanea guianensis (leaves and stems) inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity more than 50% in quantitative assay.
Este artigo foi resultado de uma palestra proferida no I Simpósio de Educação Ambiental: diferentes olhares, ocorrido na Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, em outubro de 2019. A Educação Ambiental (EA) tem como premissa transpor os limites da educação formal, estabelecendo uma comunicação ativa com os variados setores da sociedade. Toda demanda da sociedade reforça a participação pública nas tomadas de decisões políticas. As conferências ambientais internacionais mostraram a importância da EA como ferramenta de transformação social, seja na educação formal ou na não formal, adotada de formal transversal. No Brasil, a implementação da EA em todos os níveis de ensino reforça a necessidade da participação popular para o despertar do senso de responsabilidade coletiva para com as demandas da atualidade.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.