Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis can be found in failed endodontic treatment (FET) even after performing primary endodontic treatment (PET). Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) cannot fully eliminate this microorganism during PET. Brazilian green propolis (bee glue) was found to be more effective against E. faecalis when compared to Ca(OH) 2 . A much less studied Malaysian geopropolis (MP) as well as Aloe vera (AV) is antibacterial but is unknown against E. faecalis . Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial effects of MP, AV, and MP + AV in comparison with Ca(OH) 2 against E. faecalis , as an intracanal medicament. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of MP, AV, MP + AV, Ca(OH) 2 , and dimethyl sulfoxide was tested against E. faecalis using antimicrobial sensitivity testing, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test with Mann–Whitney post hoc test and repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test ( P < 0.05). Results: For agar well-diffusion method, MP + AV gave maximum inhibition zone diameter (mean: 8.11 ± 0.015 mm), MP (mean: 6.21 ± 0.046 mm, Ca(OH) 2 (mean: 5.5 ± 0.006), and AV (mean: 5.05 ± 0.012) with P < 0.05. MIC for MP + AV was 2 mg/ml, MP at 8 mg/ml, Ca(OH) 2 at 8 mg/ml, and AV at 16 mg/ml. The MBC for MP + AV is at 4 mg/ml, MP at 16 mg/ml, Ca(OH) 2 at 16 mg/ml, and AV at 32 mg/ml. Conclusion: The combination of MP and AV consistently showed better antimicrobial activity compared to MP and AV alone against E. faecalis . The findings suggest that MP and AV used in combination may be an ideal intracanal medicament in FET and PET.

Background: A correct tridimensional implant placement requires a sufficient amount of bone to completely satisfy the prosthetic reconstruction. Several techniques can be used to recreate the bone quantity. Among them, titanium meshes have shown great potential in space maintenance and fewer complications in case of exposure. Recently, 3D CAD, CAM technology, and specifically SLM have been used to produce customized meshes in titanium alloy. The aim Purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate new customized meshes compared to traditional ones in terms of new volume of generated bone and the incidence of complications. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE/PubMed literature search was performed to find relevant randomized controlled clinical trials published in English up to and including December 2022. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and SCOPUS were also searched. The main keywords used in the search were: titanium meshe(s), customized titanium meshe(s), combined with AND/OR as Boolean operators, and bone augmentation with/and/or titanium mesh. Results: The electronic search identified 1002 papers in total, and after duplicate removal, 500 articles were screened. After a manual screening of the title and abstract, 488 studies were excluded, and 12 articles' full text of 12 articles was analyzed. Further analysis was performed to make sure that the articles matched the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the present review. Six additional articles were excluded in this phase. No meta-analysis was performed due to the heterogeneity of the data. Conclusion: By using traditional or customized devices with the newly generated bone volume allowed the implant placement in all cases. Complications were mainly reported as exposure during the healing phase, but the conclusions of whether customized or conventional systems perform one better than the other are still inconclusive.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of light and laser activation of in-office tooth bleaching systems on enamel microhardness and surface roughness. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five enamel slabs were divided into three treatment groups: light-activated bleaching, laser-activated bleaching, and control. The baseline data were recorded for enamel microhardness (Vickers microhardness [VMH]) and surface roughness (Roughness average, Ra). The specimens were cured for 10 min upon hydrogen peroxide application for the light-activated bleaching group and activated with a laser source, 8 cycles, 10 s per cycle for the laser-activated group. The changes in VMH and Ra at days 1, 7, and 28 were evaluated. Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Mann–Whitney tests were used to analyze both VMH and Ra between the treatment groups at different time intervals. Results: There were a significant reduction in VMH values and significant differences between days 1, 7, and 28 against the baseline in the light-activated bleaching group ( P = 0.001). The Ra values revealed significant differences in both light- ( P = 0.001) and laser-activated ( P = 0.033) groups. Conclusion: Light activation of a bleaching agent caused a reduction in enamel microhardness and an increase in surface roughness when compared to laser activation.

occupying all the left mandibular body also extending to the inferior border. A bone biopsy revealed chronic osteomyelitis and a segment mandibulectomy was performed.Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of bone in which the natural course of the disease is greatly influenced by the patient's overall condition. Team hypothesis was that long-term corticosteroid use could have predisposed to osteomyelitis and even worsened leprosy symptoms, as leprosy symptoms are also reported to increase due to a concomitant infection.