UVODRealna procena dinami ki indukovanih prese nih sila u tunelskoj konstrukciji predstavlja veoma važan aspekt aseizmi kog projektovanja tunelskih objekata. U analizi odgovora tunelskih konstrukcija na seizmi ke uticaje, koriste se dva postupka: metoda slobodnih deformacija tla i metoda interakcije konstrukcije i tla [6,23].Najjednostavniji pristup u analizi seizmi kog odgovora tunelskih konstrukcija jeste metoda slobodnih deformacija tla. Termin slobodna deformacija tla opisuje deformaciju usled prostiranja seizmi kih talasa u tlu bez tunelske konstrukcije ili iskopa. Ideja ovog pojednostavljenog postupka jeste sra unavanje seizmi ki indukovanih deformacija tla u odsustvu tunelskog objekta, nanošenje tako sra unatih deformacija tla na tunelsku konstrukciju u stati kim uslovima, i projektovanje tunelske konstrukcije za tako definisano optere enje. Samim tim, ovim postupkom krutost tunelske konstrukcije nije uzeta u obzir, ime je interakcija konstrukcije i okolnog tla zanemarena. Ipak, ovom metodom je mogu a veoma jednostavna i brza procena reakcije konstrukcije na seizmi ka dejstva. Veli ine deformacija tunelske konstrukcije Asistent Elefterija Zlatanovi , dipl.inž.gra . Univerzitet u Nišu, Gra evinsko-arhitektonski fakultet,
Abstract. The paper presents deformations of tunnel structures under the influence of earthquakes. The seismic impact on shallow laid tunnels in saturated soil of low bearing capacity was considered through the analysis of longitudinal and transversalloads. Stress and strain states were specially analyzed.
The paper is related to the most significant aspects of numerical simulations in seismic analysis of tunnels, highlighting the soil-structure interaction phenomenon. The modelling of a problem and analysis of relevant influences may be completed by an application of software packages based on the finite element method. In order to define a reliable and efficient numerical model, that should simultaneously put together both the criteria of simplicity and realistic presentation of a physical problem, analyses should start from the most simple modelling techniques (theory of elasticity, replacing the soil medium with elastic springs, pseudo-static analysis), with the final goal to accomplish a more complex and realistic model (theory of elasto-plasticity, finite element method, full dynamic analysis).
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