Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) constitutes a priority waste stream in the European waste strategy due to its large volume and its high recycling and reuse potential. Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, stresses the need of quantify the waste stream and to improve the material recovery efficiency of C&DW in the European Union. Designing a suitable network of facilities involves an adequate knowledge of the inputs to material recovery facilities. In this work, a two-step methodology for the quantification and waste management analysis of C&DW has been developed and applied to the case study in Cantabria, a northern Spanish region. In the first step, the quantification of C&DW was calculated by means of an equation which combines municipal licenses and ratios of waste per unit area of construction, demolition and renovation. The selected ratios for the study case in Cantabria belong to four northern Spanish regions, and they were developed by two associations of architects, one technological institute and by the regional legislation recently developed in the region. In the second step, the waste management assessment for C&DW was carry out throw the development of a multicriteria-based methodology for decision-making in order to select the most suitable management alternative. The application of the methodology to the case study in Cantabria has been performed using four multicriteria analysis methods: Evamix (EV), Weighted Summation (WS), Electre II (E2) and Regime (REG). Analyses of the sensitivity of the results have been also carried out in order to investigate the robustness of the solutions obtained in the decision making process.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The European Union is planning a new program to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. In this context, the Icelandic government plans to ban new registrations of fossil fuel cars after 2030 as one of the strategies to make Iceland a carbon-neutral country by 2040. Upgraded biogas can be directly used in vehicles with CNG engines, reducing CO2 emissions by 80%. In this paper, several alternatives of biogas plants, simulated in previous research, were evaluated by considering techno-economic and environmental criteria through the application of multi-criteria decision-making tools. Twelve alternatives were analyzed using the Definite 3.1 software. A weighted summation algorithm, which transforms all criteria into the same scale by multiplying them by weights and then summing them to obtain the results, was used in the analysis. The multi-criteria analysis of the twelve proposed alternatives included eleven criteria (three technical, five economic, and three environmental) whose weights were changed in a total of eleven scenarios. From a global perspective, when all criteria were considered (9.1% weight) the best alternative with a score of 0.58 was the single-stage biogas plant working with municipal solid waste. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses also demonstrated that the multi-criteria results obtained were robust and reliable.