No abstract

The article considers the adaptive behavior of school-aged children with learning difficulties and communication difficulties. The sample included children with typical development, children with signs of school and social exclusion, as well as children with visual impairments. It was found that the coping strategies of children with learning difficulties focused on externalization and passive avoiding difficulties, unlike social-oriented strategies achievers students. Children with visual impairments less aware and deliberately overcome communication difficulties, unlike their peers with typical development.

As postponing action strategy, for the last moment the procrastination is one of the factors causing the problems in study. The objective of the study is identification of links between indicators of academic procrastination, stressors, responses to stressors and academic achievements. The research was implemented on the base of sample which amounted 435 from 17 to 25 years old (М age = 19,03). The comparative procrastination analysis among groups of students with different levels of academic performance has shown that student with low level of achievement are inclined to more often suffer from procrastination, be lazy impulsively make a decision during the establishing of their personal time, care frustration, stress and anger. The correlation analysis data allow for the conclusion that a high level of procrastination is related to stress and academic failure. The analyse of links between procrastinations and stressors, and also reactions on it among students has shown that the higher the social anxiety, failure avoidance, procrastination frequency, lazy, worse perfectionism and impulsive, the higher he values all stressors and impressive of reactions on it. In this way, academic procrastination impedes the effectiveness of student study, effects on performance, contributes to stress, that undoubtedly impacts on professional development of future specialists.

Attachment is valuable for a child for purposes of security and self-preservation, his future behavior and socialization. Our research, conducted in the framework of inter-generational transmission of individual's relations system, investigates the corelation between indicators of attachment and affection of mothers and grandmothers and child's attachment to his mother. The study involved 30 triads (child -mother -grandmother). The results revealed that mothers' and grandmothers' confidence in significant person's responsiveness and reliability is connected with child's emotional sensitivity increase. The results indicate the joint behavior strategy in "mother /close adult-child" system which is necessary to consider in professional work.

The first studies on resilience originate in child psychology and psychiatry. Contemporary authors define resilience as a dynamic process involving positive adaptation in the context of adverse living conditions. Resilience, hardiness, self-regulation, coping behavior and psychological defense mechanisms influence the processes of human adaptation. We hypothesized that the resilience of adolescents is associated with indicators of social adaptation. A variety of methods for empirical data collecting were used: observation, expert interviews and test methods. First, we have found that the main causes of adolescents' social disadaptation are: manifestation of anxiety and hostility to adults, impulsivity and failure to comply with social norms. Secondly, the low level of the risk group's resilience is determined by the lack of control over events and determination on choice making in difficult situations, including traumatic ones. Therefore, resilience is an important resource for the adolescents' development and social adaptation to environmental conditions.