Introduction: The article presents the results of the functional tests to improve the assessment of MIA-induced osteoarthritis development and the effectiveness of NSAID therapy. Materials and methods: In the study, 26 male SD rats were used. MIA-induced osteoarthritis was simulated in the right knee joint. After an intra-articular injection of MIA, the animals were treated with ibuprofen and meloxicam. Pain assessment was studied in the following functional tests: incapacitance (hind limb weight bearing) test, von Frey test (mechanical allodynia), grip strength test, and knee diameter measurement. At the end of the study, a histological analysis of the knee joint was performed. Results and discussion: An intra-articular MIA injection reduced 1.5 times the paw withdrawal threshold. In the rats that suffered MIA-induced osteoarthritis, the difference between the diameters of the intact and injected joints was 1.05 mm, compared to 0.03 mm difference in the control group. Hind limb weight bearing asymmetry was 89.5% when simulating MIA-induced osteoarthritis. The muscular hind limb grip strength in rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis was significantly reduced on 3rd and 7th days after simulating osteoarthritis. Ibuprofen and meloxicam showed significant efficacy in all the above tests, although ibuprofen effectiveness was more pronounced than that of meloxicam. Conclusion: The following functional tests were identified as the most significant and sufficient to assess the development of MIA-induced osteoarthritis and analgesic efficacy of NSAIDs: incapacitance test, allodynia test (von Frey filaments), measurement of hind limb grip strength and measurement of the diameter of the inflamed knee joint. The histological analysis made it possible to confirm the correspondence of the physiological response and pathological changes in the knee joint.

Цель исследования -изучить морфологические характеристики суставного хряща тибиофемораль-ного сустава крысы с помощью метода многократного высокоточного сошлифовывания при моделирова-нии экспериментального остеоартроза.Материал и методы. Экспериментальное исследование проводилось на 16 половозрелых белых крысах-самцах линии Wistar. Моделирование остеоартроза проводилось путем введения в тибиофемо-ральные суставы 10 крыс суспензии стерильного медицинского талька с физиологическим раствором NaCl в соотношении 1:5. Животных выводили из эксперимента спустя 6 и 12 недель с помощью передозировки препарата «Bioveta» (Чехия) в дозе 200 мг/кг массы тела. При создании 3D-реконструкций была исполь-зована технология высокоточного послойного сошлифовывания в сочетании с цифровой съемкой шлифов и программное обеспечение для создания виртуальной модели объекта-оригинала. Количественное срав-нительное исследование было проведено с помощью программы «ImageJ».Результаты. Получены 3D-реконструкции суставов, лишенные пространственных и цветовых ис-кажений и позволяющие получать как правильные анатомические сечения в заданных плоскостях, так и нормали к поверхностям для точных линейных измерений. Описаны количественные показатели, харак-теризующие структуру суставного хряща в норме и при снижении лубрикативных свойств синовиальной жидкости. К 12-й неделе эксперимента толщина суставного хряща уменьшалась, в то время как фактор поверхности незначительно увеличился, что свидетельствовало о частичном повреждении суставной по-верхности. Полученные RGB-профили оцифрованных изображений суставного хряща тибиофеморально-го сустава крысы на 3D-реконструкциях позволили выявить новые ранние признаки дегенерации сустав-ного хряща при экспериментальном воспроизведении остеоартроза. Morphology of Tibiofemoral Joint in Rats with Experimental Osteoarthritis: 3D-reconstruction, Based on the Technology of High-Precision GrindingThe aim was to study morphological characteristics of rats' tibiofemoral joint articular cartilage using the method of multiple high-precision grinding in the simulation of experimental osteoarthritis.Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out on 16 mature white male Wistar rats. Modeling of osteoarthritis was carried out by inserting into tibiofemoral joints of 10 rats the suspension of sterile medical talc with saline solution in the ratio 1: 5. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment after 6 and 12 weeks by an overdose of the drug "Bioveta" (Czech Republic) in a dose of 200 mg / kg of body weight. The technology of high-precision layer-by-layer sanding in combination with digital survey of thin sections and software for creating a virtual model of the original object were used in creating 3D-reconstructions. A quantitative comparative study was conducted using the "ImageJ" program.Results. 3D-reconstruction of joints devoid of spatial and color distortions were obtained, which allow to obtain both correct anatomical sections in given planes, and normals to surfaces for exact linear measurements. Qua...

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The use of modern bioinformatic approaches for the solution of environmentally oriented tasks provides new data that can be used for spot control anthropogenic ecosystems and ecosystem rebuilding of their violation obtained from adverse factors of natural and antropogenical genesis. This work aims at demonstrating and identifying nickel and cobalt binding proteins in dominant species of microorganisms of agrocenosis that allows you to create an information database for accumulating and processing information about the regularities of the functioning of agro-ecosystem in arid conditions, leading to the growth of economic efficiency of the farming system and increase the success of environmental management. The main purpose of the work was to study the presence of nickel and cobalt binding proteins included in the proteome, the dominant species of microorganisms from three typical agrocenoses of the Volgograd region. Nickel and cobalt binding proteins were distributed not only in their functional features, participation in metabolism, proteolytic activity, transport and regulation of gene expression and proteins, The results of virtual screening proteome the dominant microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and Actinomyces in the Uniprot database showed that the soil microbiota of the considered agrocenosis is also characterized by a sufficiently large number of metal – dependent proteins: 264 – for representatives of the Genus Actinomyces and 564 – for Bacillus subtilis, of of which about 35–40 % are annotated. According to the results, the concentration of metals in the soil of agrocenosis, namely in the arid zone, has a very strong impact on the livelihoods of crops and microorganisms in the soil. The use of the obtained results can be used as a basis for the implementation of targeted high-precision management of biocenoses in order to improve the sustainability of natural communities and the economic efficiency of agrocenoses.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprintingis a well-known promising technology for the production of artificial biological organs providing unprecedented versatility for manipulating cells and other biomaterials with precise control of their location in space. Over the past decade, a number of 3D bioprinting technologies have been developed. Unlike traditional manufacturing technologies, 3D bioprinting allows to produce individual or personalized fabric designs. This helps to deposit cells of the desired type with selected biomaterials and desired biologically active substances. Natural polymers play a leading role in maintaining cellular and biomolecular processes before, during, as well as after three-dimensional bioprinting. Polymers of biological origin can be extracted from natural raw materials by means of physical or chemical methods. These polymers are widely used as effective hydrogels for loading cells to form tissues, build a vascular, nervous, lymphatic network, and also to implement multiple biological, biochemical, physiological, biomedical and other functions. Any natural polymers that have a sol-gel phase transition (i.e., a gel point) under certain conditions can be printed using the automatic layer-by-layer deposition method. In fact, very few of them can be printed under various conditions (low temperature, without the help of physical, chemical, biochemical crosslinking of the incorporated polymer chains). Thus, not all natural polymers can meet all the basic requirements for 3D bioprinting. As a rule, natural polymers as the main component of various inks, which contain cells suspended in a specific medium, must meet several basic requirements for successful 3D bioprinting of organs, as well as clinical applications. These include biocompatibility, that is, non-toxic or without apparent toxicity; biodegradability (unlikenon-biodegradable polymers can be used as auxiliary structures); biostability with sufficiently high mechanical strength both at the time of processing and during operation; bioprinterness (workability). This review is devoted to modern research in the field of natural polymers used to print biological artificial organs.