Приведены результаты исследований и сезонных наблюдений за качеством поверхностных сточных вод, образующихся на территории современного крупного города. Показана зависимость качества поверхностного стока от сезона года, вида городской застройки. Отмечено влияние противогололедных реагентов на качество талых вод. Предложен новый подход к разработке технологической схемы очистки поверхностного стока. На основе полученных данных предложена технологическая схема локальной очистной станции для поверхностных сточных вод, работающей в автоматическом режиме. Данное решение учитывает сезонные изменения качества поверхностных сточных вод на урбанизированных территориях. The results of studies and seasonal observations of the surface wastewater quality that generated in the territory of a modern large city are presented. The dependence of the surface runoff quality on the year season and the kind of urban development is shown. The eff ect of anti-ice reagents on the meltwater quality is noted. The article suggests a new approach to the making of a technological scheme for surface wastewater treatment. Based on the obtained data, a technological block-scheme of a local Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) intending for surface wastewater treatment and operating in an automatic mode is proposed. The proposed technological solution takes into account seasonal changes in the surface wastewater quality in urbanized areas.

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In winter, a huge amount of snow contains the specific pollutants (anti-icing reagents, oil products, ion-metals and others) accumulates in the cities of the Northern Russian Regions. The special environmental requirements for operation and engineering equipment of the snow-landfills are not excited. In this case, the soil cover and nearby water bodies are contaminated by meltwater, and the engineering and geological conditions are changing at these areas. The specific composition of the snow masses requires the use of the special treatment methods to remove such major contaminants as oil products and chlorides. Currently, an effective and relatively cheap sorption material for the extraction of these pollutants from meltwater is being actively sought. In this paper, the sorption properties of the industrial waste (sawdust) and natural sorbents (kaolin, clay) were studied. The best results for the meltwater treatment from oil products and chlorides with kaolin were obtained. The sorption filter design, which is part of the proposed technological scheme for the meltwater treatment, has developed.