BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a spiral-shaped bacterium responsible for the development of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer (GC), and MALT-lymphoma of the stomach. H. pylori can be present in the gastric mucosa (GM) in both spiral and coccoid forms. However, it is not known whether the severity of GM contamination by various vegetative forms of H. pylori is associated with clinical and morphological characteristics and long-term results of GC treatment. AIM To establish the features of H. pylori infection in patients with GC and their correlations with clinical and morphological characteristics of diseases and long-term results of treatment. METHODS Of 109 patients with GC were included in a prospective cohort study. H. pylori in the GM and tumor was determined by rapid urease test and by immunohistochemically using the antibody to H. pylori . The results obtained were compared with the clinical and morphological characteristics and prognosis of GC. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software. RESULTS H. pylori was detected in the adjacent to the tumor GM in 84.5% of cases, of which a high degree of contamination was noted in 50.4% of the samples. Coccoid forms of H. pylori were detected in 93.4% of infected patients, and only coccoid-in 68.9%. It was found that a high degree of GM contamination by the coccoid forms of H. pylori was observed significantly more often in diffuse type of GC ( P = 0.024), in poorly differentiated GC ( P = 0.011), in stage T3-4 ( P = 0.04) and in N1 ( P = 0.011). In cases of moderate and marked concentrations of H. pylori in GM, a decrease in 10-year relapse free and overall survival from 55.6% to 26.3% was observed ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.07, respectively). The relationship between the severity of the GM contamination by the spiral-shaped forms of H. pylori and the clinical and morphological characteristics and prognosis of GC was not revealed. CONCLUSION The data obtained indicates that H. pylori may be associated not only with induction but also with the progression of GC.

The determination of factors associated with progression of cervical cancer is important, both for a recurrence risk assessment and for determining optimal treatment tactics. Previously, we showed the prognostic value of different types of tumor microvessels (MVs) in gastric and breast cancer. The object of this research was to study the morphology and clinical significance of different tumor microvessels in early cervical cancer. A total of 65 archived paraffin blocks of patients with I-IIA stages of squamous cervical cancer were investigated. Samples were stained with Mayer hematoxylin and immunohistochemically using antibodies to CD34, podoplanin, HIF-1a, and Snail. The eight types of tumor MVs differed in morphology were identified. It was established that only the dilated capillaries (DСs) with weak expression of CD34, the contact type DCs, the capillaries in tumor solid component, and the lymphatic vessels in the lymphoid and polymorphic cell infiltrates of tumor stroma are associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of early cervical cancer. Preliminary results also suggest that a combination of fragmentation in tumor solid component and the contact type DCs may predict a recurrence of early cervical cancer. Given the small number of cervical cancer recurrences, the predictive significance of the described markers requires a more thorough examination.

Previously, we have shown the possibility of intramucosal gastric carcinoma induction by the intragastric administration of a mixture of formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in rats. In this study, we report a sizable increase in carcinogenic properties of the mixture when a suspension containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles was added to it. This technique allowed us to reduce both the number of the carcinogen administrations from twelve to two and the time to the cancer induction from six to four months. Although the induced tumors were represented by the intramucosal carcinomas, they were characterized by the extensive invasion of individual tumor cells and their clusters into the muscle layer and serosa as well as into the omentum and blood vessels. Considering that the invasive tumor cells were positive for vimentin, Snail and TGF-β2, we concluded that their invasion was the result of the activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms. Thus, taking into account the data obtained, it can be assumed that under the conditions of inflammation or carcinogenesis, the calcium carbonate nanoparticles may affect the activation of EMT mechanisms.

Purpose of the study. To give a qualitative and quantitative assessment of different types of tumor microvessels depending on the histological type of cervical cancer (CC).Material and methods. The tumor samples from 76 patients with CC stage I–IIA who received the surgical treatment on the first phase were the object of study. The immunohistochemical study was performed using antibodies to CD34 and podoplanin. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software.Results. In CC, the following types of tumor microvessels have been identified: normal microvessels, dilated capillaries (DCs) with a normal endothelial lining, DCs with a weak expression of CD34, DCs of contact type, capillaries in the solid component of tumor, the atypical dilated capillaries (ADCs), the structures with partial endothelial lining and the lymphatic capillaries in lymphoid and polymorphic cell infiltrates. It was found that DCs with a mild expression of CD34 (p=0.0005), DCs of contact type (p=0.000005), and capillaries in the solid component of tumor (p=0.006) were correlated with the prognosis in early CC. The detection frequency of this tumor microvessels was lower in more prognostically favorable squamous non-keratinizing CC, while in the prognostically unfavorable squamous cell keratinizing CC and adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri, the higher DCs values with a mild expression of CD34 (р=0,004 and р=0.005, respectively) and DC of contact type (p=0.02 and p=0.14, respectively) were typical.Conclusion. We consider it is expedient to further study the relationship of different types of tumor microvessels with clinical and morphological characteristics and prognosis of cervical cancer.

Цель работы -изучение влияния метаболитов культуры Bacillus subtilis 804 на процессы заживления глубоких линейных ран кожи крыс.Материал и методы. Исследование выполнено на 40 крысах линии «Вистар», которым под ингаляционным эфирным наркозом наносили линейные раны кожи длиной 1.0 см и глубиной до гиподермы. Животные были разделены на 2 группы по 20 крыс в каждой. В 1-й опытный группе зону раневого дефекта кожи однократно орошали 1.0 мл стерильного раствора метаболитов культуры Bacillus subtilis 804. Во 2-й контрольной группе на рану наносили 1.0 мл физиологического раствора. Ткани из области раневого дефекта изучали при помощи методов световой микроскопии, гистохимии и морфометрии на 3-, 7-и 11-е сутки.Результаты. В опыте наблюдалась более ранняя миграция макрофагов в зону повреждения, большее значение макрофагально-нейтрофильного индекса, что свидетельствовало об изначально меньшей выраженности воспалительного процесса, более быстром очищении раны и переходе на следующие этапы заживления с ускоренной пролиферацией и дифференцировкой эпителиоцитов и фибробластов с заменой коллагена III типа на I тип.Заключение. Метаболиты Bacillus subtilis 804 оптимизируют функции клеток-эффекторов репаративного процесса, что лимитирует выраженность воспаления и определяет раннюю миграцию макрофагов в зону повреждения, ускоренное очищение раневого дефекта, стимулирует миграцию в рану фибробластов и эпителиоцитов, способствует формированию функционально и морфологически полноценного эпидермального пласта на 7-е сутки, а дермального компонента на 11-е сутки после альтерации, приводит к ограничению склероза при ремоделировании формирующегося рубца, обеспечивая его нормотрофичность.Ключевые слова: линейные раны кожи, репаративная регенерация, Bacillus subtilis 804.The aim of the research was to study of the effect of metabolites of the culture of Bacillus subtilis 804 on the healing processes of deep linear wounds of rats' skin.Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 Wistar rats, which were made linear skin wounds 1.0 cm in length and depth to the hypodermis under the inhalation ether anesthesia. The animals were divided into 2 groups (20 rats in each). In the 1st experimental group, the area of the skin wound defect was once watered with 1.0 ml of a sterile solution of the Bacillus subtilis 804 metabolites. In the 2nd control group 1.0 ml of saline was applied to the wound. Tissues from the area of the wound defect were studied using light microscopy, histochemistry, and morphometry on days 3, 7, and 11.Results. In the experiment, an earlier migration of macrophages into the damage zone and a higher value of macrophage-neutrophil index were observed, which indicated the initially less pronounced inflammatory process, faster wound cleansing and the transition to the next stages of healing with accelerated proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts with the replacement of type III collagen by type I.Conclusions. The metabolites of Bacillus subtilis 804 optimize the function of effector cells of t...