The BRICS countries have aspirations to achieve sustainable development in their economies and environmental protection. These aspirations have an important social aspect in the area of employment protection as it relates to ensuring fair development. In order to establish national standards for dismissal protection in four of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa) the authors have considered the legislation and relevant national case law. This paper includes a review of International Labour Organisation (ILO) standards of dismissal protection, which are used as a pattern for comparison. The paper consists of five parts: the first deals with the history and explores the legal standards adopted in the ILO Convention No. 158; the remaining four parts present the research on each of the national dismissal protection systems in the four BRICS countries under study. The authors conclude that even though the national systems are different and have dissimilar scopes in respect of dismissal protection, their regulations are largely in line with the Convention, which has not been ratified by any of the BRICS countries; and that international instruments even without ratification may be a helpful instrument for shaping the national system of dismissal protection, and for providing guidance to policymakers and legislators.
Introduction: the article deals with the problem of violence in the workplace or in another place where the employee performs their labor duties. Statistics show that a significant number of people suffer from violence at work in both Russia and Kazakhstan. The problem of sexual harassment, if considered as a narrower part of the phenomenon of violence in the world of work, is becoming ‘visible’ in the countries of the post-Soviet space, especially in connection with the numerous statements of women who have reported harassment at work. The purpose of our study is to find legal solutions for those who have been subjected to violence and harassment at work since the greatest difficulties for them are: fear of stigmatization, the difficulty of recognizing violence and harassment on the part of colleagues and managers as ‘inappropriate’ behavior, the choice of the form of behavior for both the victim and the employer in a situation where violence has occurred, as well as the process of proving the fact of psychological or physical violence in conjunction with the necessity to expose the specified facts of private life for general discussion. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; special scientific methods such as the comparative legal method and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: we have shown that the legislation and practice of Russia and Kazakhstan in the field of protection from violence and harassment at work are not in complete conformity with international labor standards; formulated some proposals concerning available legal mechanisms to be used for the development of legislation aiming to ensure the protection of workers from violence and harassment. Conclusions: the labor legislation of Russia and Kazakhstan does not protect workers from violence and harassment at work, however, there are attempts made at the level of the executive branch to regulate the problem in a recommendatory manner. Practice shows that employers and employees seek dialogue on this sensitive issue. Judicial practice in Russia and Kazakhstan testifies to the low awareness among judges of the issues concerning protection of workers from such forms of violence as oppression, victimization, mobbing, and harassment
Аннотация. В статье исследуется система правового регулирования трудовых отношений, действующая во Франции на современном этапе. Основное внимание уделено анализу реформы 2017 г., запущенной президентом Э. Макроном, а также мерам по защите рынка труда, принятые в 2020-2022 гг. в связи с распространением пандемии коронавируса. Подчеркивается значение внутриполитического контекста реформы и изначального настроя президента адаптировать правовые механизмы под современные экономические реалии, придав им дополнительную гибкость. Выявляются основные содержательные акценты президентского проекта: усиление значимости коллективных соглашений в ущерб отраслевым и индивидуальным; создание новой представительной инстанции на предприятиях (CSE); изменение регулирования рабочего времени и др. Обобщаются наиболее значимые решения правительства, повлиявшие на трудовые отношения в период коронакризиса: от введения «чрезвычайного положения в области здравоохранения» до государственного финансирования заработных плат и поддержки молодежи. Подчеркивается, что по ходу президентства политика Э. Макрона в отношении рынка труда неоднократно встречала общественное противодействие, выразившееся, в частности, в кризисе «желтых жилетов». Принятые меры углубили социально-экономический раскол, который Французская Республика переживает на протяжении нескольких десятилетий, тогда как их положительный эффект оказался по большей части ситуативен и не привел к перестройке всей модели французского социального государства.Вывод: некоторые из решений французского руководства могли бы быть востребованы и в России (главным образом, в части поддержки среднего и малого бизнеса). Однако общий либеральный посыл реформы Э. Макрона в российских реалиях привел бы к чрезмерному перекосу в сторону работодателей за счет интересов работников.
Определяется понятие психологического преследования, обосновывается актуальность темы защиты работника от такого преследования в РФ. Рассматриваются нормы международных актов о правах человека, которые могут служить основами для построения системы защиты работника в России, а также нормы новой конвенции МОТ № 190 от 10 июня 2019 г. «Об искоренении насилия и домогательств в сфере труда». Делается вывод о необходимости ратификации конвенции МОТ и создания эффективного механизма защиты работника от психологического преследования, руководствуясь Рекомендацией МОТ по борьбе с насилием и домогательствами на рабочем месте № 206. The article defines the concept of psychological stalking and substantiates the relevance of ensuring protection against such a harassment in the Russian Federation. The rules of internartional instruments on human right are discussed through the lense of implementation whereof as the basis of the development of a comprehensive employee protection system in Russia. Particular attention is paid to analysing the new International Labor Organisation Convention No.190 d.d. 10 June 2019 "On the Elimination of Violance and Harassment in the World of Work". The authors make conclusion on the need to ratify the Convention and to create an efficient mechanism of protecting a worker from psychological stalking in accordance with Recomendation of International Labor Organisation No. 206.
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