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Purpose—The aims of the current study were as follows: (1) to develop a framework of the job competence of employees to examine the recruitment of employees in their specialized fields, and (2) to answer the question of whether the development of that framework of the job competence of employees in attracting and employing people or their appointment and promotion was effective in achieving the goals of the organization. Design/methodology—Researchers examined the work environment of a branch of the Welfare Organization of Iran and the most important duties and responsibilities of the employees of the specialized spheres of the organization. Afterward, researchers listed the essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for the employees. Then, the authors asked 70 experts working in this organization to express their views on the importance of each of these items and the status of each of the proposed items in terms of their relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity. Accordingly, the competencies were categorized and titled. The identified competencies were classified into four main groups: needs assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The authors used the pairwise comparison method and the hierarchical analysis process approach to weighting. Findings—The authors set and presented critical competencies related to each specialized field of healthcare, social, educational, and cultural affairs in separate frameworks. The research results allowed theoretical and practical approaches to modeling to consider transversal and disciplinary competencies for a social, economic, or environmental commitment based on the sustainability concept. Value—Developing the employee competency frameworks of the health service is essential for sustainable development. The validated employee competency frameworks in the Welfare Organization can be applied in other provinces of Iran and other sectors of the healthcare system.

The article considers the problems of the Russian telecommunications market, substantiates the need for standardization of the eTOM model for OSS/BSS systems. There is a necessity to regulate the eTOM model (Enhanced Telecom Operations Map) by domestic regulatory documents in the domestic market. It will allow creating holistic and high-quality operations of end-to-end processes, providing a basis for understanding and managing IT application portfolios in terms of requirements for business processes. The authors conclude that the regulation of the eTOM model could solve the problems of the OSS/BSS solutions of the Russian market.

Uneven economic development of individual countries and their lagging behind the developed economies in terms of the economic growth rate, which include Russia, have a direct impact on the structural changes in the macrosocial systems, and require formulating new strategies as part of the structural and cyclic retrofitting paradigm of macrosocial systems. Studies into macrosocial systems should consider that they are not only complex, but also dynamic, and apt for cyclicality and transformation. This article focuses on the macrosocial system transformation mechanisms in the context of the global crisis. Based on this, the article also looks at the possibilities of achieving inner resilience to significant macro-scale institutional changes through achieving a balance of institutional mechanisms of self-regulation and public regulation. Particular attention is paid to the measurement of structural shifts, which is relevant in the conditions of cyclic fluctuations and convergence of macrosocial systems. Sources in the article have been research materials prepared under Russian Science Foundation grant No. 14-28-00065.

The article discusses how companies interact with target audiences when promoting goods and services in consumer markets based on effective approaches and technologies. Empirical and digital marketing contributes to the establishment of long-term relationships and strong relationships with consumers. Empirical marketing focuses on the emotional experience and consumer experiences, and digital marketing provides targeted and mobile communications with target audiences of companies. Digital technology and the digital environment have significantly transformed business space and consumer life. Together with empirical marketing, digital technologies are actively bringing together the seller and the consumer. More and more manufacturers and service companies are thinking about what kind of experience a consumer will get by interacting with their product or service. This plays a decisive role in the modern process of acquiring products of a particular brand. Researchers of consumer behavior note that consumers often endow many value-asserting products with some kind of "spiritual status". Marketers also note new trends in consumer behavior. The article shows the differences between the key characteristics of empirical and traditional marketing, which is confirmed by a number of examples. Based on the studies, models of the formation of consumer loyalty to a product or brand are proposed, as a result of which it can be argued that the impact of the seller on the emotional sphere of the consumer leads to sustainable consumer loyalty to the product / brand, even in times of crisis. Together with empirical marketing, digital technologies are actively bringing together the seller and the consumer. To assess the impact of digital technologies on the marketing activities of companies and, in particular, its communication system, it is important to determine the changes and preferences of consumers at the stages of the purchase process. This is also confirmed by the results of the study.