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Xiphinema herakliense n. sp. from wild olive and cultivated trees in Vathy Rema and other localities, Heraklion province of Crete, Greece, is described based on morphological and molecular characters. The new species is characterised by having differentiation in the tubular part of the uterus, body length 4.1 (3.3-5.5) mm, odontostyle 149 (135-163) μm long, odontophore 85 (71-98) μm long, female tail dorsally convex-conoid with subdigitate peg, and presence of functional males. The polytomous identification code of the new species is: A4, B2 + 3, C5a, D6(5), E5, F4(5), G3, H2, I3, J5, K5, L2. The new species belongs to morphospecies Xiphinema nonamericanum Group 5 characterised by having two equally developed female genital branches with uterine differentiation, presence of pseudo-Z-organ with small granular bodies plus small spines (in low number) and crystalloid bodies along uterus, and a short, rounded tail ending in a peg. Xiphinema herakliense n. sp. appears closely related to X. barense, X. horvatovicae, X. lanceolatum, X. loteni, X. sphaerocephalum and X. thorneanum, from which it may be differentiated morphologically and/or molecularly. The results of the phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S rRNA gene and ITS1 rRNA genes are also supportive of its specific status.The occurrence and geographic distribution of longidorid nematode species inhabiting the rhizosphere of cultivated and wild olives and grapevine on Crete Island has been investigated during the last three decades. Five

Fluazaindolizine is a novel sulfonamide nematicide that is the active ingredient (a.i.) of Salibro™, a.i. Reklemel™. Its compatibility with Pasteuria penetrans, a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), was investigated in populations of M. javanica and M. incognita. Spores of a single P. penetrans isolate (Pp 3) or a blend of six isolates were incubated in the suspensions of fluazaindolizine (Salibro TM 500SC, at 5, 50, and 250 ppm a.i.) and oxamyl (Vydate™ 10 L, 10% (a.i.) at 25 and 50 ppm a.i.) for 1, 7, and 21 days; controls were incubated in water. Thereafter, the suspensions were washed through a cellulose filter (3 µm) so as to remove the nematicide, and the spores retained on the filter were suspended in water. Juveniles (J2) were exposed in these spore suspensions in Petri dishes and the number of attached spores was recorded. Neither fluazaindolizine nor oxamyl, at all the tested dosages, had any negative effect on the rate of spore attachment. The spore encumbered J2 from some experiments were used to infect tomatoes. Females without egg masses were extracted from the roots after 50 days and checked for eggs in ovaries and mature spores of P. penetrans. Despite no mature spores present in the females, there was evidence of a low percentage of infection in a few treatments. A possible explanation is that since the bacterium had been kept stored in the form of dried roots for a long period, its ability to infect nematodes was decreased.