Coconut endosperm waste (CEW) was treated by Rhizopus oligosporus via in situ and ex situ fermentations together with bioconversion into valuable black soldier fly larval biomass. The ex situ fermentation could overall enrich the nutritional compositions of CEW by hydrolyzing its complex organic polymers and exuding assimilable nutrients to enhance the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) growth. Nevertheless, the larval gut bacteria were competing with Rhizopus oligosporus in in situ fermentation, derailing the hydrolysis processes and larval growth. Accordingly, the highest growth rates achieved were around 0.095 g/day, as opposed to only 0.065 g/day whilst using 0.5 wt% of Rhizopus oligosporus to perform ex situ and in situ fermentations, respectively. These were also underpinned by the greater amount of total CEW consumed when employing ex situ fermentation, with comparable metabolic costs to feeding on in situ-fermented CEW. The mature BSFL were subsequently harvested and the amounts of protein and lipid produced were assessed in terms of their feasibility for biodiesel production. While the statistical analyses showed that the larval protein yields derived from both fermentation modes were insignificant, the BSFL could attain higher lipid and protein productivities upon feeding with ex situ- rather than in situ-fermented CEW mediums. Better yet, the larval biodiesel quality measured in terms of the fatty acid methyl ester composition were not varied significantly by Rhizopus oligosporus through the fermentation process. Thereby, the presence of 1.0 wt% Rhizopus oligosporus was considered optimum to perform ex situ fermentation, giving rise to the acceptable growth of BSFL loaded with the highest lipid yield and productivity for producing biodiesel and protein simultaneously.
Abstract. Elfis, Titisari PW, Suharni N, Khairani, Janna N, Permatasari T, Chahyana I. 2020. Ethnoornithological study in selected villages of Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1645-1652. Riau Province, along the central-eastern coast of Sumatra, is an area of high bird diversity. The purpose of this study is to document and analyze the ethnoornithological local wisdom of some selected villages and use it to develop a strategy for biodiversity conservation in Riau. The method used in this research involved direct observation of some areas that have local accumulated natural history knowledge and interviews with selected informants of the local community. Some bird species were found to be central to the local culture, and these included the Punai Saluang/Sumatran Green-pigeon (Treron oxyura Temminck), Serindit Melayu/Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot (Loriculus galgulus Linnaeus), Bubut/Greater Coucal (Centropus Sinensis Stephens), and Rangkong Gading/Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil Forster). These bird species are used in traditional medicine, rituals and symbols in Riau Province. Serindit Melayu/Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot is a symbol of the Malay community in Riau and averts evil in the village of Gema. Rangkong Gading/Helmeted Hornbill body parts are used in ritual treatment to cure various diseases by the TalangMamak Tribe in Rantau Langsat. Punai Saluang/Sumatran Green-pigeon is used as a metaphor in folk literature of the Malays in the Pelalawan area, and Bubut/Greater Coucal (Centropus sinensis Stephens) body parts are used as traditional medicine by the Malays in Kuok Village. There are several aspects that need to be studied further to conserve these birds, including the ecology, reproduction, and behavior aspects. Through preservation of these ethnoornithological rituals and education of the younger generation, these and other species of birds can be better sustained in and around the culture of Riau society.
Fisheries are fundamental part of human activities. Sustainable fishing is an important aspect in maintining the fishery resources for the future generation. The main objective of this study is to estimate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of the fishing grounds for the sustainable harvesting. This study deploy the approximate estimation of abundance (biomass) and potential estimation of a type or group of fish species based on the analysis of production surplus to determine the sustainability of maximum catch rate. Results of the research identified about 35 species from the 17 families of fish. Based on the MSY calculation using the Schaefer method with a long line standard, the fish utilization status is in overfishing condition status at all sampling points, with the value above 98% above the standard capture limit of 70%. The results of the Schaefer model provide the baseline information on MYS for the freshwaters fish, which could be used as the basis for future fishery assessment and management of this biosphere reserve.
Kegiatan penguatan kapasitas ibu rumah tangga dalam pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) berbasis mangrove di Desa Sungai Rawa Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak. Berdasarkan observasi di lapangan diketahui bahwa beberapa ibu rumah tangga telah menanam TOGA, namun demikian jumlah TOGA yang ditanam jumlahnya terbatas. Sebagian dari mereka telah mengetahui khasiat TOGA dan secara teknis juga telah mampu mengolah TOGA, namun demikian mereka belum memahami khasiat TOGA secara ilmiah. Metoda pelaksanaan kegiatan ini berupa bimbingan teknis dengan teknik penyampaian ceramah yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan materi tentang TOGA serta demonstrasi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan cara mempraktekkan budidaya TOGA serta pegolahannya menjadi ramuan obat keluarga. Kegiatan ini telah terlaksana dan berhasil dengan baik. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan dapat dicermati antara lain meningkatnya pengetahuan para ibu rumah tangga melalui pemahaman tentang aneka jenis tanaman obat berbasis mangrove. Keterampilan penanaman dan pengolahan tanaman obat menjadi minuman kesehatan yang dapat diharapkan meningkatkan mutu kesehatan keluarga. Kegiatan ini tergolong berhasil karena terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta kegiatan, sebagian besar peserta menunjukkan ketrampilan yang memadai pada saat melakukan demonstrasi praktik langsung mulai dari pembuatan media tanam, penanaman, hingga pemeliharaan tanaman obat berbasis mangrove pada lahan pekarangan di Desa Sungai Rawa Kecamatan Sungai Apit
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