This study investigated the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of chicken patties during cold storage. For MLP extracts, methanolic extract exhibited flavonoid and total phenolic contents of 48.0 and 2010.3 mg/kg, respectively. The aqueous extract of MLP showed high (16.7 mm) and mild (8.7 mm) antimicrobial activity (inhibition zones) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In chicken patties, the pH, peroxide value (PV), sensory properties, and microbiological characteristics were all affected (P ≤ 0.05) by the incorporation of MLP into the patty formula. The PV and bacterial counts were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with the increase in MLP concentration; however, their values were increased (P ≤ 0.05) with the progress of storage period. Moderate level (50 g/kg) of MLP was good (P ≤ 0.05) in retarding lipid peroxidation and inhibiting microbial growth without affecting the sensory quality of stored chicken patties.Características microbianas y oxidativas de la hamburguesa de pollo refrigerada con moringa en polvo (Moringa oleifera) RESUMENEste estudio investigó el efecto de diferentes niveles de Moringa oleifera en polvo (MLP) en las características fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales de hamburguesas de pollo durante su almacenamiento en frío. En los extractos de MLP, el extracto de metanol exhibió contenidos de flavonoides y total fenólico de 48,0 mg/kg y 2010,3 mg/kg, respectivamente. El extracto acuoso de MLP mostró niveles altos (16,7 mm) y medianos (8,7 mm) de actividad antimicrobiana (zonas de inhibición) frente a Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus, respectivamente. En las hamburguesas de pollo, el pH, el índice de peróxido (PV), las propiedades sensoriales y las características microbiológicas se vieron todos afectados (P ≤ 0,05) por la incorporación de MLP en la fórmula de la hamburguesa. El PV y los recuentos bacterianos disminuyeron (P ≤ 0,05) con el aumento de la concentración de MLP, sin embargo, sus valores aumentaron (P ≤ 0,05) con el progreso del periodo de almacenamiento. El nivel moderado (50 g/kg) de MLP fue favorable (P ≤ 0,05) para retardar la peroxidación lipídica e inhibir el crecimiento microbiano sin afectar la calidad sensorial de las hamburguesas de pollo almacenadas. ARTICLE HISTORY

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The primary objective of this study was to investigate the biological effectiveness of rhizome powder (CRRP) in improving the quality, storability, and safety of minced beef meat. CRRP was analyzed for its flavonoid and polyphenol content, antioxidants and antimicrobial activity, and its effect on the chemical properties, microbiological and sensory quality of minced beef meat. The results revealed that CRRP had a flavonoid and polyphenol contents of 24.30 mg CE/g and 353.10 mg GAE/g, respectively. The aqueous extract of CRRP showed inhibition zones of 16.3 and 11.7 mm against and ., respectively. The CRRP exhibited greater increase in TRPA, chelation of Fe ions, and scavenging of HO with the increase in CRRP extract concentration. Incorporation of various concentration of CRRP in minced beef meat significantly affected the physicochemical properties, microbial load, and sensory quality of the product. The effect was concentration dependent, and the highest level of CRRP (5 %) was more effective in retarding microbial growth and reducing peroxidation, but it negatively affected the sensory quality of the product. Therefore, CRRP at 2.5 % concentration was recommended as a functional additive to preserve minced meat.

The objective of the study was to investigate the interactive effect of heat treatment (raw or pasteurized milk), ripening in salted whey (SW) and storage period for up to 3 months on the physicochemical properties of Sudanese braided cheese (SBC). Braided cheeses were manufactured from raw (BCRM) and pasteurized (BCPM) milk and ripened in SW (0%, 5%, and 10% salt) for up to 90 days. All the treatments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the physicochemical characteristics of SBC. The total solid, protein, and fat contents of BCRM or BCPM decreased (P ≤ 0.05), whereas their TA, SN, and salt contents increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as storage period and the salt level of the whey were elevated. Both FRI and SRI of BCRM and BCPM increased with the increase in storage period and the salt level of the whey. For SN, FRI, SRI, pH, and moisture contents the magnitude of the change was more pronounced in BCRM than in BCPM, while for protein, fat, salt, and TS contents, the opposite was true; that is, the magnitude of the change was more pronounced in BCPM than in BCRM. Further studies are required to standardize muddaffara cheese manufacturing procedure particularly in rural areas.

Postharvest processing and preservation of fish have great influence on fish quality and consumption. Freshwater fish in Sudan are facing problems related to bad handling and improper storage which reduce their quality. This study investigated the changes in the chemical composition, mineral contents, pH and acid value during storage (−18°C) of five commercial fish species (Bagras bayad, Lates niloticus L., Mormyrus casahive L., Oreochromis nilotica L., and Synodrontis schall) from the River Nile coast of Sudan. The fish species are rich in protein (17.22%–23.60%) but have low fat and ash contents. Frozen storage of the fishes for 45 days reduces their protein contents while the fat and ash contents were increased (p ≤ .05). Potassium and iron are the predominant major and trace minerals and their values were increased with storage period. The pH range from 5.74 (O. niloticus) to 6.24 (B. bayad) while acid value range from 0.02 (M. casahive) to 0.12 (L. niloticus). Both pH and acid values increased with storage period. In conclusion, storage of these fish species for up to 45 days did not adversely affect their nutritional value.